Numbers 32WEB
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Numbers32

World English Bible · Public Domain

1Now the children of Reuben and the children of Gad had a very great multitude of livestock. They saw the land of Jazer, and the land of Gilead. Behold, the place was a place for livestock.

2Then the children of Gad and the children of Reuben came and spoke to Moses, and to Eleazar the priest, and to the princes of the congregation, saying,

3“Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, and Beon,

4the land which Yahweh struck before the congregation of Israel, is a land for livestock; and your servants have livestock.”

5They said, “If we have found favor in your sight, let this land be given to your servants for a possession. Don’t bring us over the Jordan.”

6Moses said to the children of Gad, and to the children of Reuben, “Shall your brothers go to war while you sit here?

7Why do you discourage the heart of the children of Israel from going over into the land which Yahweh has given them?

8Your fathers did so when I sent them from Kadesh Barnea to see the land.

9For when they went up to the valley of Eshcol, and saw the land, they discouraged the heart of the children of Israel, that they should not go into the land which Yahweh had given them.

10Yahweh’s anger burned in that day, and he swore, saying,

11‘Surely none of the men who came up out of Egypt, from twenty years old and upward, shall see the land which I swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob; because they have not wholly followed me,

12except Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite, and Joshua the son of Nun, because they have followed Yahweh completely.’

13Yahweh’s anger burned against Israel, and he made them wander back and forth in the wilderness forty years, until all the generation who had done evil in Yahweh’s sight was consumed.

14“Behold, you have risen up in your fathers’ place, an increase of sinful men, to increase the fierce anger of Yahweh toward Israel.

15For if you turn away from after him, he will yet again leave them in the wilderness; and you will destroy all these people.”

16They came near to him, and said, “We will build sheepfolds here for our livestock, and cities for our little ones;

17but we ourselves will be ready armed to go before the children of Israel, until we have brought them to their place. Our little ones shall dwell in the fortified cities because of the inhabitants of the land.

18We will not return to our houses until the children of Israel have all received their inheritance.

19For we will not inherit with them on the other side of the Jordan and beyond, because our inheritance has come to us on this side of the Jordan eastward.”

20Moses said to them: “If you will do this thing, if you will arm yourselves to go before Yahweh to the war,

21and every one of your armed men will pass over the Jordan before Yahweh until he has driven out his enemies from before him,

22and the land is subdued before Yahweh; then afterward you shall return, and be clear of obligation to Yahweh and to Israel. Then this land shall be your possession before Yahweh.

23“But if you will not do so, behold, you have sinned against Yahweh; and be sure your sin will find you out.

24Build cities for your little ones, and folds for your sheep; and do that which has proceeded out of your mouth.”

25The children of Gad and the children of Reuben spoke to Moses, saying, “Your servants will do as my lord commands.

26Our little ones, our wives, our flocks, and all our livestock shall be there in the cities of Gilead;

27but your servants will pass over, every man who is armed for war, before Yahweh to battle, as my lord says.”

28So Moses commanded concerning them to Eleazar the priest, and to Joshua the son of Nun, and to the heads of the fathers’ households of the tribes of the children of Israel.

29Moses said to them, “If the children of Gad and the children of Reuben will pass with you over the Jordan, every man who is armed to battle before Yahweh, and the land is subdued before you, then you shall give them the land of Gilead for a possession;

30but if they will not pass over with you armed, they shall have possessions among you in the land of Canaan.”

31The children of Gad and the children of Reuben answered, saying, “As Yahweh has said to your servants, so will we do.

32We will pass over armed before Yahweh into the land of Canaan, and the possession of our inheritance shall remain with us beyond the Jordan.”

33Moses gave to them, even to the children of Gad, and to the children of Reuben, and to the half-tribe of Manasseh the son of Joseph, the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites, and the kingdom of Og king of Bashan; the land, according to its cities and borders, even the cities of the surrounding land.

34The children of Gad built Dibon, Ataroth, Aroer,

35Atroth-shophan, Jazer, Jogbehah,

36Beth Nimrah, and Beth Haran: fortified cities and folds for sheep.

37The children of Reuben built Heshbon, Elealeh, Kiriathaim,

38Nebo, and Baal Meon, (their names being changed), and Sibmah. They gave other names to the cities which they built.

39The children of Machir the son of Manasseh went to Gilead, took it, and dispossessed the Amorites who were therein.

40Moses gave Gilead to Machir the son of Manasseh; and he lived therein.

41Jair the son of Manasseh went and took its villages, and called them Havvoth Jair.

42Nobah went and took Kenath and its villages, and called it Nobah, after his own name.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Numbers 32.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The tribes of Reuben and Gad request an inheritance on the east of Jordan. (1–5). Moses reproves the Reubenites and Gadites. (6–15). They explain their views, Moses consents. (16–27). They take possession of the land to the east of Jordan. (28–42).

vv1-5

Here is a proposal made by the Reubenites and Gadites, that the land lately conquered might be allotted to them. Two things common in the world might lead these tribes to make this choice; the lust of the eye, and the pride of life. There was much amiss in the principle they went upon; they consulted their own private convenience more than the public good. Thus to the present time, many seek their own things more than the things of Jesus Christ; and are led by worldly interests and advantages to take up short of the heavenly Canaan.

vv6-15

The proposal showed disregard to the land of Canaan, distrust of the Lord's promise, and unwillingness to encounter the difficulties and dangers of conquering and driving out the inhabitants of that land. Moses is wroth with them. It will becomes any of God's Israel to sit down unconcerned about the difficult and perilous concerns of their brethren, whether public or personal. He reminds them of the fatal consequences of the unbelief and faint-heartedness of their fathers, when they were, as themselves, just ready to enter Canaan. If men considered as they ought what would be the end of sin, they would be afraid of the beginning of it.

vv16-27

Here is the good effect of plain dealing. Moses, by showing their sin, and the danger of it, brought them to their duty, without murmuring or disputing. All men ought to consider the interests of others as well as their own; the law of love requires us to labour, venture, or suffer for each other as there may be occasion. They propose that their men of war should go ready armed before the children of Israel into the land of Canaan, and that they should not return till the conquest of Canaan was ended. Moses grants their request, but he warns them of the danger of breaking their word. If you fail, you sin against the Lord, and not against your brethren only; God will certainly reckon with you for it. Be sure your sin will find you out. Sin will surely find out the sinner sooner or later. It concerns us now to find our sins out, that we may repent of them, and forsake them, lest they find us out to our ruin.

Cross References

Numbers 32
v17Joshua 4:12-13fulfillment

Explicit fulfillment of Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh crossing over armed before Israel to war.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Moses reiterates the command for trans-Jordanic tribes to go armed before their brethren.

Supported by JFB

v20Joshua 1:13-15thematic

Joshua reminds Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh of their oath to assist in Canaan.

Supported by JFB

Parallel account of Moses distributing the conquered eastern lands to Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh.

Supported by JFB

v1Joshua 22:9thematic

Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh depart Shiloh to possess the land of Gilead.

Supported by JFB

v11Numbers 14:28-30thematic

The oath of God concerning the exclusion of the murmuring generation, referenced here.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v1Jeremiah 50:19thematic

Gilead and Bashan are prophesied as restored rich pastures for Israel's flocks.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Historical account of the spies exploring Eshcol and discouraging Israel's heart.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v41Deuteronomy 3:14thematic

Parallel detail of Jair, son of Manasseh, taking the region and naming Havoth-jair.

Supported by JFB

v1Micah 7:14thematic

Prophetic call for Israel to feed in Bashan and Gilead as in old times.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v33Joshua 13:8thematic

Joshua reviews the eastern inheritance given by Moses to the trans-Jordanic tribes.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v22Joshua 18:1thematic

The land is formally subdued before the Lord and Israel at Shiloh.

Supported by JFB