Daniel 3ESV
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Daniel3

English Standard Version

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Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Daniel 3.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Nebuchadnezzar's golden image. (1-7). Shadrach and his companions refuse to worship it. (8-18). They are cast into a furnace, but are miraculously preserved. (19-27). Nebuchadnezzar gives glory to Jehovah. (28-30).

vv1-7

In the height of the image, about thirty yards, probably is included a pedestal, and most likely it was only covered with plates of gold, not a solid mass of that precious metal. Pride and bigotry cause men to require their subjects to follow their religion, whether right or wrong, and when worldly interest allures, and punishment overawes, few refuse. This is easy to the careless, the sensual, and the infidel, who are the greatest number; and most will go their ways. There is nothing so bad which the careless world will not be drawn to by a concert of music, or driven to by a fiery furnace. By such methods, false worship has been set up and maintained.

vv8-18

True devotion calms the spirit, quiets and softens it, but superstition and devotion to false gods inflame men's passions. The matter is put into a little compass, Turn, or burn. Proud men are still ready to say, as Nebuchadnezzar, Who is the Lord, that I should fear his power? Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego did not hesitate whether they should comply or not. Life or death were not to be considered. Those that would avoid sin, must not parley with temptation when that to which we are allured or affrighted is manifestly evil. Stand not to pause about it, but say, as Christ did, Get thee behind me, Satan. They did not contrive an evasive answer, when a direct answer was expected. Those who make their duty their main care, need not be anxious or fearful concerning the event. The faithful servants of God find him able to control and overrule all the powers armed against them. Lord, if thou wilt, thou canst. If He be for us, we need not fear what man can do unto us. God will deliver us, either from death or in death. They must obey God rather than man; they must rather suffer than sin; and must not do evil that good may come. Therefore none of these things moved them. The saving them from sinful compliance, was as great a miracle in the kingdom of grace, as the saving them out of the fiery furnace was in the kingdom of nature. Fear of man and love of the world, especially want of faith, make men yield to temptation, while a firm persuasion of the truth will deliver them from denying Christ, or being ashamed of him. We are to be meek in our replies, but we must be decided that we will obey God rather than man.

vv19-27

Let Nebuchadnezzar heat his furnace as hot as he can, a few minutes will finish the torment of those cast into it; but hell-fire tortures, and yet does not kill. Those who worshipped the beast and his image, have no rest, no pause, no moment free from pain, Rev. 14:10,11. Now was fulfilled in the letter that great promise, 2, When thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be burned. Leaving it to that God who preserved them in the fire, to bring them out, they walked up and down in the midst, supported and encouraged by the presence of the Son of God. Those who suffer for Christ, have his presence in their sufferings, even in the fiery furnace, and in the valley of the shadow of death. Nebuchadnezzar owns them for servants of the most high God; a God able to deliver them out of his hand. It is our God only is the consuming fire, Heb. 12:29. Could we but see into the eternal world, we should behold the persecuted believer safe from the malice of his foes, while they are exposed to the wrath of God, and tormented in unquenchable fires.

Cross References

Daniel 3
v25Isaiah 43:2fulfillment

Literal fulfillment of promise: 'when thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be burned'.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v15Exodus 5:2contrast

Echoes Pharaoh's defiant challenge to God's power to deliver His people.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v19Hebrews 11:34thematic

New Testament commemoration of the faith that 'quenched the violence of fire'.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Contrast between the temporal furnace of Babylon and the eternal fire for image-worshippers.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v12Daniel 2:49thematic

Establishes how Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego were promoted over Babylon's affairs.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v18Acts 4:19thematic

The apostolic principle of obeying God rather than rulers in matters of worship.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Daniel 2:31allusion

Nebuchadnezzar's actual image likely inspired by his dream of the giant golden head.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v12Esther 3:8thematic

Parallels Haman's charge that Jews do not keep the king's laws.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v15Daniel 3:28thematic

Contrasts the three men yielding their bodies rather than worshipping other gods.

Supported by JFB

v15Acts 5:29thematic

Expresses the absolute necessity of obeying God rather than men.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v24Daniel 6:22thematic

Parallel miraculous preservation of Daniel from lions because of his innocence.

Supported by JFB

v25Psalms 34:7thematic

The Angel of the Lord encamping around and delivering those who fear Him.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v26Daniel 2:47thematic

Nebuchadnezzar again acknowledges God, though his heart remained unrenewed.

Supported by John Calvin

The future beast of Revelation demands worship of an image on pain of death.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v16Luke 12:4thematic

Christ's command not to fear those who can only kill the body.

Supported by Matthew Henry