Hebrews11
English Standard Version
1 the of things , the of .
2 the people of received their .
3By we that the was by the of , that is was of things that are .
4By to a , he as , him by . his , though he , he .
5By was so that , he , had . was he was as .
6 it is to him, whoever would to he that those who .
7By , being by God events as , in an the of . he the an of the that comes .
8By when he was to go a he was an . he went , he was .
9By he went to the of , in a , , heirs with of the .
10 he was to the that , is .
11By , when she was the , she him who had .
12 man, as good as , were descendants the of and as many as the grains of the .
13 , having the things , having and greeted them from , they the .
14 people who make it they are a .
15 they had been of land they had gone , have to .
16 as it , they a , that , a . is to be , he has for a .
17By , when he was , , he who had the was in the act of his ,
18 it was , be .
19He was to the , from , , he did back.
20By on .
21By , when , of the of , bowing in the of .
22By , at the end of his , the of the .
23By , when he was , was for , they that the was , they were of the .
24By , when he , to be the of ,
25 to be with the of to the of .
26He the of than the of , he was the .
27By he , being of the of the , he him who is .
28By he the the , that the of the might .
29By the the , but the , when they to the , were .
30By the of after they had been .
31By the did with those who were , because she had a to the .
32 shall I ? would to , , , , of the —
33 , , , the of ,
34 the of , the of the , were made of , , put to .
35 back . were , , that they might a .
36 , .
37They were , they were sawn in , they were the . They skins of , , , —
38of the — wandering , in of the .
39 , though their , did what was ,
40since had , from be .
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Hebrews 11.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The nature and power of faith described. (1–3). It is set forth by instances from Abel to Noah. (4–7). By Abraham and his descendants. (8–19). By Jacob, Joseph, Moses, the Israelites, and Rahab. (20–31). By other Old Testament believers. (32–38). The better state of believers under the gospel. (39, 40).
vv1-3
Faith always has been the mark of God's servants, from the beginning of the world. Where the principle is planted by the regenerating Spirit of God, it will cause the truth to be received, concerning justification by the sufferings and merits of Christ. And the same things that are the object of our hope, are the object of our faith. It is a firm persuasion and expectation, that God will perform all he has promised to us in Christ. This persuasion gives the soul to enjoy those things now; it gives them a subsistence or reality in the soul, by the first-fruits and foretastes of them. Faith proves to the mind, the reality of things that cannot be seen by the bodily eye. It is a full approval of all God has revealed, as holy, just, and good. This view of faith is explained by many examples of persons in former times, who obtained a good report, or an honourable character in the word of God. Faith was the principle of their holy obedience, remarkable services, and patient sufferings. The Bible gives the most true and exact account of the origin of all things, and we are to believe it, and not to wrest the Scripture account of the creation, because it does not suit with the differing fancies of men. All that we see of the works of creation, were brought into being by the command of God.
vv4-7
Here follow some illustrious examples of faith from the Old Testament. Abel brought a sacrifice of atonement from the firstlings of the flock, acknowledging himself a sinner who deserved to die, and only hoping for mercy through the great Sacrifice. Cain's proud rage and enmity against the accepted worshipper of God, led to the awful effects the same principles have produced in every age; the cruel persecution, and even murder of believers. By faith Abel, being dead, yet speaketh; he left an instructive and speaking example. Enoch was translated, or removed, that he should not see death; God took him into heaven, as Christ will do the saints who shall be alive at his second coming. We cannot come to God, unless we believe that he is what he has revealed himself to be in the Scripture. Those who would find God, must seek him with all their heart. Noah's faith influenced his practice; it moved him to prepare an ark. His faith condemned the unbelief of others; and his obedience condemned their contempt and rebellion. Good examples either convert sinners or condemn them. This shows how believers, being warned of God to flee from the wrath to come, are moved with fear, take refuge in Christ, and become heirs of the righteousness of faith.
vv8-19
We are often called to leave worldly connexions, interests, and comforts. If heirs of Abraham's faith, we shall obey and go forth, though not knowing what may befall us; and we shall be found in the way of duty, looking for the performance of God's promises. The trial of Abraham's faith was, that he simply and fully obeyed the call of God. Sarah received the promise as the promise of God; being convinced of that, she truly judged that he both could and would perform it. Many, who have a part in the promises, do not soon receive the things promised. Faith can lay hold of blessings at a great distance; can make them present; can love them and rejoice in them, though strangers; as saints, whose home is heaven; as pilgrims, travelling toward their home. By faith, they overcome the terrors of death, and bid a cheerful farewell to this world, and to all the comforts and crosses of it. And those once truly and savingly called out of a sinful state, have no mind to return into it. All true believers desire the heavenly inheritance; and the stronger faith is, the more fervent those desires will be. Notwithstanding their meanness by nature, their vileness by sin, and the poverty of their outward condition, God is not ashamed to be called the God of all true believers; such is his mercy, such is his love to them. Let them never be ashamed of being called his people, nor of any of those who are truly so, how much soever despised in the world. Above all, let them take care that they are not a shame and reproach to their God. The greatest trial and act of faith upon record is, Abraham's offering up Isaac, Ge 22:2. There, every word shows a trial. It is our duty to reason down our doubts and fears, by looking, as Abraham did, to the Almighty power of God. The best way to enjoy our comforts is, to give them up to God; he will then again give them as shall be the best for us. Let us look how far our faith has caused the like obedience, when we have been called to lesser acts of self-denial, or to make smaller sacrifices to our duty. Have we given up what was called for, fully believing that the Lord would make up all our losses, and even bless us by the most afflicting dispensations?
Key Words
δέ (dé): but, and, etc.
πίστις (pístis): persuasion, i.e. credence; moral conviction (of religious truth, or the truthfulness of God or a religious teacher), especially reliance upon Christ for salvation; abstractly, constancy in such profession; by extension, the system of religious (Gospel) truth itself
ἐστί (estí): he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
ὑπόστασις (hypóstasis): a setting under (support), i.e. (figuratively) concretely, essence, or abstractly, assurance (objectively or subjectively)
ἐλπίζω (elpízō): to expect or confide
ἔλεγχος (élenchos): proof, conviction
πρᾶγμα (prâgma): a deed; by implication, an affair; by extension, an object (material)
οὐ (ou): the absolute negative (compare G3361 (μή)) adverb; no or not
βλέπω (blépō): to look at (literally or figuratively)
γάρ (gár): properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
Cross References
Hebrews 11The foundational Old Testament narrative of Abraham being tested by offering up his son Isaac.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Source of Jacob worshiping, bowing on the bed's head or leaning upon his staff.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The narrative of Jacob by faith blessing Ephraim and Manasseh, the sons of Joseph.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Joseph's dying words making mention of the departing and commanding concerning his bones.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The history of Moses being hid three months by his parents because he was proper.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Moses keeping the Passover and sprinkling of blood to escape the destroyer of firstborn.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The crossing of the Red Sea by faith as on dry land, which Egyptians assayed.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The historical account of the walls of Jericho falling after being compassed seven days.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Rahab the harlot receiving the spies with peace, exemplifying saving faith.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Genesis record of the creation of the visible worlds by the powerful word of God.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The account of Abel's accepted sacrifice of the firstlings versus Cain's rejected offering.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The historical account of Enoch walking with God and his translation before seeing death.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The call of Abraham to leave his country, obeying God to receive an unknown inheritance.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The direct quotation establishing that the promised seed of Abraham must be reckoned through Isaac.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Daniel by faith stopping the mouths of lions in the den.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego by faith quenching the violence of fiery furnace.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Elijah raising the widow's dead son, a woman receiving her dead raised.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Elisha restoring the Shunammite woman's son to life.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the elders obtaining a good report but not yet receiving the fully realized promise.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Noah's active obedience in preparing the ark exactly as God commanded him by faith.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul's parallel description of Abraham's body and Sarah's womb being biologically 'dead' yet fruitful.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Jesus declares that Abraham rejoiced to see His day, seeing and welcoming it from afar.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Abraham explicitly confesses to the sons of Heth that he is a stranger and sojourner.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul quotes Gen 21:12 to explain God's sovereign covenant lineage through Isaac.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The account of Isaac blessing Jacob and Esau by faith concerning their future destinies.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Moses carrying out Joseph's bone command during the Exodus departure.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Refers to God as 'the King eternal, immortal, invisible,' matching 'seeing him who is invisible.'
Supported by Matthew Henry
Prophets serving not themselves but us with things now fully revealed.
Supported by JFB
The immediate preceding context prompting this entire discourse on saving, persevering faith.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Confirms that by the word of the Lord the heavens and their host were made.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The narrative of Sarah's laughter turning to belief in the promise despite advanced age.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The promise that Abraham's descendants would equal the stars and the sand on the seashore.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jacob confesses to Pharaoh that the days of his pilgrimage have been few and evil.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Exhorts Christians as strangers and pilgrims on earth, mirroring the Old Testament patriarchs.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God identifies Himself as the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, not ashamed of them.
Supported by Matthew Henry