1 Chronicles5
New International Version
1The sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel (he was the firstborn, but when he defiled his father’s marriage bed, his rights as firstborn were given to the sons of Joseph son of Israel; so he could not be listed in the genealogical record in accordance with his birthright,
2and though Judah was the strongest of his brothers and a ruler came from him, the rights of the firstborn belonged to Joseph)—
3the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel: Hanok, Pallu, Hezron and Karmi.
4The descendants of Joel: Shemaiah his son, Gog his son, Shimei his son,
5Micah his son, Reaiah his son, Baal his son,
6and Beerah his son, whom Tiglath-Pileser king of Assyria took into exile. Beerah was a leader of the Reubenites.
7Their relatives by clans, listed according to their genealogical records: Jeiel the chief, Zechariah,
8and Bela son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel. They settled in the area from Aroer to Nebo and Baal Meon.
9To the east they occupied the land up to the edge of the desert that extends to the Euphrates River, because their livestock had increased in Gilead.
10During Saul’s reign they waged war against the Hagrites, who were defeated at their hands; they occupied the dwellings of the Hagrites throughout the entire region east of Gilead.
11The Gadites lived next to them in Bashan, as far as Salekah:
12Joel was the chief, Shapham the second, then Janai and Shaphat, in Bashan.
13Their relatives, by families, were: Michael, Meshullam, Sheba, Jorai, Jakan, Zia and Eber—seven in all.
14These were the sons of Abihail son of Huri, the son of Jaroah, the son of Gilead, the son of Michael, the son of Jeshishai, the son of Jahdo, the son of Buz.
15Ahi son of Abdiel, the son of Guni, was head of their family.
16The Gadites lived in Gilead, in Bashan and its outlying villages, and on all the pasturelands of Sharon as far as they extended.
17All these were entered in the genealogical records during the reigns of Jotham king of Judah and Jeroboam king of Israel.
18The Reubenites, the Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh had 44,760 men ready for military service—able-bodied men who could handle shield and sword, who could use a bow, and who were trained for battle.
19They waged war against the Hagrites, Jetur, Naphish and Nodab.
20They were helped in fighting them, and God delivered the Hagrites and all their allies into their hands, because they cried out to him during the battle. He answered their prayers, because they trusted in him.
21They seized the livestock of the Hagrites—fifty thousand camels, two hundred fifty thousand sheep and two thousand donkeys. They also took one hundred thousand people captive,
22and many others fell slain, because the battle was God’s. And they occupied the land until the exile.
23The people of the half-tribe of Manasseh were numerous; they settled in the land from Bashan to Baal Hermon, that is, to Senir (Mount Hermon).
24These were the heads of their families: Epher, Ishi, Eliel, Azriel, Jeremiah, Hodaviah and Jahdiel. They were brave warriors, famous men, and heads of their families.
25But they were unfaithful to the God of their ancestors and prostituted themselves to the gods of the peoples of the land, whom God had destroyed before them.
26So the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria (that is, Tiglath-Pileser king of Assyria), who took the Reubenites, the Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh into exile. He took them to Halah, Habor, Hara and the river of Gozan, where they are to this day.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Chronicles 5.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Genealogies. (1-26).
vv1-26
This chapter gives some account of the two tribes and a half seated on the east side of Jordan. They were made captives by the king of Assyria, because they had forsaken the Lord. Only two things are here recorded concerning these tribes. 1. They all shared in a victory. Happy is that people who live in harmony together, who assist each other against the common enemies of their souls, trusting in the Lord, and calling upon him. 2. They shared in captivity. They would have the best land, not considering that it lay most exposed. The desire of earthly objects draws to a distance from God's ordinances, and prepares men for destruction.
Key Words
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
רְאוּבֵן: Reuben, a son of Jacob
בְּכוֹר: firstborn; hence, chief
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
חָלַל: properly, to bore, i.e. (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane (a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin (as if by an 'opening wedge'); to play (the flute)
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
יָצוּעַ: spread, i.e. a bed; (architecture) an extension, i.e. wing or lean-to (a single story or collectively)
בְּכוֹרָה: the firstling of man or beast; abstractly primogeniture
נָתַן: to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
יוֹסֵף: Joseph, the name of seven Israelites
Cross References
1 Chronicles 5Jacob foretells Reuben losing his birthright pre-eminence because he defiled his father's bed.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Jacob adopts Joseph's sons Ephraim and Manasseh, granting them the double-portion birthright.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Prophecy that the sceptre/ruler would arise from Judah, explaining Judah's genealogical priority.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
New Testament confirmation that the chief Ruler, our Lord Jesus Christ, sprang out of Judah.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Historical account of Tilgath-pilneser invading and carrying the Transjordan tribes into Assyrian captivity.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Defines the legal right of the firstborn as receiving a double portion of all inheritance.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The historical record of Reuben's sin in defiling his father's bed with Bilhah.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Matches the exact list of the four sons of Reuben: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, Carmi.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Mentions the wilderness of Kedemoth, the eastern limit of Reuben's grazing territory.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies the Hagarites as Hagarenes, grouped among the nomadic enemies of Israel.
Supported by JFB
Identifies Pul, the king of Assyria, who first exacted tribute and threatened the land.
Supported by JFB
The geographical description of Reuben's territorial inheritance, including Aroer and Baal-meon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies Senir and Mount Hermon as northern landmarks of the Transjordan territory.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Detailed indictment of the spiritual apostasy that led to Israel's Assyrian captivity.
Supported by Matthew Henry