1 Chronicles5
New American Standard
1Now the sons of Reuben, the firstborn of Israel (for he was the firstborn, but because he defiled his father’s bed, his birthright was given to the sons of Joseph, the son of Israel; so he is not enrolled in the genealogy according to the birthright.
2Though Judah prevailed over his brothers, and from him came the leader, yet the birthright belonged to Joseph),
3the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel were Hanoch and Pallu, and Hezron and Carmi.
4The sons of Joel were Shemaiah his son, Gog his son, Shimei his son,
5Micah his son, Reaiah his son, Baal his son,
6and Beerah his son, whom Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria took into exile; he was leader of the Reubenites.
7His relatives by their families, in the genealogy of their generations, were Jeiel the chief, then Zechariah
8and Bela, the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, who lived in Aroer, as far as Nebo and Baal-meon.
9Toward the east he settled as far as the entrance of the wilderness from the river Euphrates, because their livestock had increased in the land of Gilead.
10In the days of Saul they made war with the Hagrites, who fell by their hand, so that they occupied their tents throughout the land east of Gilead.
11Now the sons of Gad lived opposite them in the land of Bashan, as far as Salecah.
12Joel was the head and Shapham the second, then Janai and Shaphat in Bashan.
13Their relatives of their fathers’ households were Michael, Meshullam, Sheba, Jorai, Jacan, Zia, and Eber, seven.
14These were the sons of Abihail, the son of Huri, the son of Jaroah, the son of Gilead, the son of Michael, the son of Jeshishai, the son of Jahdo, the son of Buz;
15Ahi the son of Abdiel, the son of Guni, was head of their fathers’ households.
16They lived in Gilead, in Bashan and in its towns, and in all the pasture lands of Sharon, as far as their borders.
17All of these were enrolled in the genealogies in the days of Jotham king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam king of Israel.
18The sons of Reuben, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, consisting of valiant men, men who carried shield and sword and shot with a bow and were skillful in battle, totaled 44,760 who went to war.
19They made war against the Hagrites, Jetur, Naphish, and Nodab.
20They were helped against them, and the Hagrites and all who were with them were handed over to them; for they cried out to God in the battle, and He answered their prayers because they trusted in Him.
21They took away their livestock: their fifty thousand camels, 250,000 sheep, and two thousand donkeys; and a hundred thousand people.
22For many fell mortally wounded, because the war was of God. And they settled in their place until the exile.
23Now the sons of the half-tribe of Manasseh lived in the land; from Bashan to Baal-hermon, Senir, and Mount Hermon they were numerous.
24These were the heads of their fathers’ households: Epher, Ishi, Eliel, Azriel, Jeremiah, Hodaviah, and Jahdiel, valiant mighty men, famous men, heads of their fathers’ households.
25But they were untrue to the God of their fathers and prostituted themselves with the gods of the peoples of the land, whom God had destroyed before them.
26So the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul, king of Assyria, that is, the spirit of Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria, and he took them into exile, namely the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, and brought them to Halah, Habor, Hara, and to the river of Gozan, where they are to this day.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Chronicles 5.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Genealogies. (1-26).
vv1-26
This chapter gives some account of the two tribes and a half seated on the east side of Jordan. They were made captives by the king of Assyria, because they had forsaken the Lord. Only two things are here recorded concerning these tribes. 1. They all shared in a victory. Happy is that people who live in harmony together, who assist each other against the common enemies of their souls, trusting in the Lord, and calling upon him. 2. They shared in captivity. They would have the best land, not considering that it lay most exposed. The desire of earthly objects draws to a distance from God's ordinances, and prepares men for destruction.
Key Words
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
רְאוּבֵן: Reuben, a son of Jacob
בְּכוֹר: firstborn; hence, chief
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
חָלַל: properly, to bore, i.e. (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane (a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin (as if by an 'opening wedge'); to play (the flute)
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
יָצוּעַ: spread, i.e. a bed; (architecture) an extension, i.e. wing or lean-to (a single story or collectively)
בְּכוֹרָה: the firstling of man or beast; abstractly primogeniture
נָתַן: to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
יוֹסֵף: Joseph, the name of seven Israelites
Cross References
1 Chronicles 5Jacob foretells Reuben losing his birthright pre-eminence because he defiled his father's bed.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Jacob adopts Joseph's sons Ephraim and Manasseh, granting them the double-portion birthright.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Prophecy that the sceptre/ruler would arise from Judah, explaining Judah's genealogical priority.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
New Testament confirmation that the chief Ruler, our Lord Jesus Christ, sprang out of Judah.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Historical account of Tilgath-pilneser invading and carrying the Transjordan tribes into Assyrian captivity.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Defines the legal right of the firstborn as receiving a double portion of all inheritance.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The historical record of Reuben's sin in defiling his father's bed with Bilhah.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Matches the exact list of the four sons of Reuben: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, Carmi.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Mentions the wilderness of Kedemoth, the eastern limit of Reuben's grazing territory.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies the Hagarites as Hagarenes, grouped among the nomadic enemies of Israel.
Supported by JFB
Identifies Pul, the king of Assyria, who first exacted tribute and threatened the land.
Supported by JFB
The geographical description of Reuben's territorial inheritance, including Aroer and Baal-meon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies Senir and Mount Hermon as northern landmarks of the Transjordan territory.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Detailed indictment of the spiritual apostasy that led to Israel's Assyrian captivity.
Supported by Matthew Henry