Genesis35
New American Standard
1Then God said to Jacob, “Arise, go up to Bethel and live there, and make an altar there to God, who appeared to you when you fled from your brother Esau.”
2So Jacob said to his household and to all who were with him, “Remove the foreign gods which are among you, and purify yourselves and change your garments;
3and let’s arise and go up to Bethel, and I will make an altar there to God, who answered me on the day of my distress and has been with me wherever I have gone.”
4So they gave Jacob all the foreign gods which they had and the rings which were in their ears, and Jacob hid them under the oak which was near Shechem.
5As they journeyed, there was a great terror upon the cities which were around them, and they did not pursue the sons of Jacob.
6So Jacob came to Luz (that is, Bethel), which is in the land of Canaan, he and all the people who were with him.
7Then he built an altar there, and called the place El-bethel, because there God had revealed Himself to him when he fled from his brother.
8Now Deborah, Rebekah’s nurse, died, and she was buried below Bethel under the oak; and it was named Allon-bacuth.
9Then God appeared to Jacob again when he came from Paddan-aram, and He blessed him.
10God said to him, “Your name is Jacob; You shall no longer be called Jacob, But Israel shall be your name.” So He called him Israel.
11God also said to him, “I am God Almighty; Be fruitful and multiply; A nation and a multitude of nations shall come from you, And kings shall come from you.
12And the land which I gave to Abraham and Isaac, I will give to you, And I will give the land to your descendants after you.”
13Then God went up from him at the place where He had spoken with him.
14So Jacob set up a memorial stone in the place where He had spoken with him, a memorial of stone, and he poured out a drink offering on it; he also poured oil on it.
15And Jacob named the place where God had spoken with him, Bethel.
16Then they journeyed on from Bethel; but when there was still some distance to go to Ephrath, Rachel began to give birth and she suffered severe difficulties in her labor.
17And when she was suffering severe difficulties in her labor, the midwife said to her, “Do not fear, for you have another son!”
18And it came about, as her soul was departing (for she died), that she named him Ben-oni; but his father called him Benjamin.
19So Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath (that is, Bethlehem).
20And Jacob set up a memorial stone over her grave; that is the memorial stone of Rachel’s grave to this day.
21Then Israel journeyed on and pitched his tent beyond the tower of Eder.
22And it came about, while Israel was living in that land, that Reuben went and slept with his father’s concubine Bilhah, and Israel heard about it. Now there were twelve sons of Jacob—
23the sons of Leah were Reuben, Jacob’s firstborn, then Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun;
24the sons of Rachel were Joseph and Benjamin;
25and the sons of Bilhah, Rachel’s female slave, were Dan and Naphtali;
26and the sons of Zilpah, Leah’s female slave, were Gad and Asher. These were the sons of Jacob who were born to him in Paddan-aram.
27Jacob came to his father Isaac at Mamre of Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron), where Abraham and Isaac had resided.
28Now the days of Isaac were 180 years.
29Then Isaac breathed his last and died, and was gathered to his people, an old man of ripe age; and his sons Esau and Jacob buried him.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 35.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: God commands Jacob to go to Beth-el, He puts away idols from his family. (1–5). Jacob builds an altar, Death of Deborah, God blesses Jacob. (6–15). Death of Rachel. (16–20). Reuben's crime, The death of Isaac. (21–29).
vv1-5
Beth-el was forgotten. But as many as God loves, he will remind of neglected duties, one way or other, by conscience or by providences. When we have vowed a vow to God, it is best not to defer the payment of it; yet better late than never. Jacob commanded his household to prepare, not only for the journey and removal, but for religious services. Masters of families should use their authority to keep up religion in their families, Jos 24:15. They must put away strange gods. In families where there is a face of religion, and an altar to God, yet many times there is much amiss, and more strange gods than one would suppose. They must be clean, and change their garments. These were but outward ceremonies, signifying the purifying and change of the heart. What are clean clothes, and new clothes, without a clean heart, and a new heart? If Jacob had called for these idols sooner, they had parted with them sooner. Sometimes attempts for reformation succeed better than we could have thought. Jacob buried their images. We must be wholly separated from our sins, as we are from those that are dead and buried out of sight. He removed from Shechem to Beth-el. Though the Canaanites were very angry against the sons of Jacob for their barbarous usage of the Shechemites, yet they were so kept back by Divine power, that they could not take the opportunity now offered to avenge them. The way of duty is the way of safety. When we are about God's work, we are under special protection; God is with us, while we are with him; and if He be for us, who can be against us? God governs the world more by secret terrors on men's minds than we are aware of.
vv6-15
The comfort the saints have in holy ordinances, is not so much from Beth-el, the house of God, as from El-beth-el, the God of the house. The ordinances are empty things, if we do not meet with God in them. There Jacob buried Deborah, Rebekah's nurse. She died much lamented. Old servants in a family, that have in their time been faithful and useful, ought to be respected. God appeared to Jacob. He renewed the covenant with him. I am God Almighty, God all-sufficient, able to make good the promise in due time, and to support thee and provide for thee in the mean time. Two things are promised; that he should be the father of a great nation, and that he should be the master of a good land. These two promises had a spiritual signification, which Jacob had some notion of, though not so clear and distinct as we now have. Christ is the promised Seed, and heaven is the promised land; the former is the foundation, and the latter the top-stone, of all God's favours.
vv16-20
Rachel had passionately said, Give me children, or else I die; and now that she had children, she died! The death of the body is but the departure of the soul to the world of spirits. When shall we learn that it is God alone who really knows what is best for his people, and that in all worldly affairs the safest path for the Christian is to say from the heart, It is the Lord, let him do what seemeth him good. Here alone is our safety and our comfort, to know no will but his. Her dying lips called her newborn son Ben-oni, the son of my sorrow; and many a son proves to be the heaviness of her that bare him. Children are enough the sorrow of their mothers; they should, therefore, when they grow up, study to be their joy, and so, if possible, to make them some amends. But Jacob, because he would not renew the sorrowful remembrance of the mother's death every time he called his son, changed his name to Benjamin, the son of my right hand: that is, very dear to me; the support of my age, like the staff in my right hand.
Key Words
אֱלֹהִים: gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
יַעֲקֹב: Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarch
קוּם: to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
עָלָה: to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
בֵּית־אֵל: Beth-El, a place in Palestine
יָשַׁב: properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
עָשָׂה: to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
מִזְבֵּחַ: an altar
אֵל: strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the Almighty (but used also of any deity)
Cross References
Genesis 35The initial vow and divine encounter at Bethel which Jacob is now commanded to perform.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The formal confirmation of Jacob's name change to Israel, originally given at Peniel.
Supported by John Calvin
Jacob's dying prophecy denouncing Reuben for defiling his couch with Bilhah.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Explains that Reuben lost his birthright because he defiled his father's bed.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Rachel's theft of Laban's household idols (teraphim) which are now purged and buried.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Revelation of God as El Shaddai (God Almighty), repeating the covenant formula given to Abraham.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Parallels Isaac and Ishmael burying Abraham; here, estranged brothers Esau and Jacob bury Isaac.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The distress and flight from Esau that prompted the original journey to Bethel.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Patriarchal responsibility to purge household idolatry and lead the family in true worship.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Ceremonial washing and changing garments as outward signs of internal sanctification before meeting God.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Resolving to pay vows made to God in the day of deep distress.
Supported by JFB
The 'terror of God' fell upon Canaanite cities, preventing pursuit of Jacob's family.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Deborah was Rebekah's nurse who originally accompanied her from Mesopotamia.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Esau previously vowed to kill Jacob after Isaac's death, but they bury him together in peace.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Confirms Isaac's burial place in the cave of Machpelah alongside Abraham and Sarah.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The danger of delaying or neglecting to pay vows made to God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Earrings used as superstitious amulets or associated with false worship are discarded.
Supported by JFB
Rachel's earlier desperate demand for children contrastingly ends in her death during childbirth.
Supported by Matthew Henry
A parallel of a mother dying in childbirth, receiving comfort about her newborn son.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Rachel's burial place at Ephrath is identified with Bethlehem, the birthplace of Christ.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Absalom's public sin with David's concubines echoes Reuben's violation of Jacob's concubine.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Isaac lived about forty years after thinking his death was imminent.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Prophetic mention of 'the tower of the flock' (Migdal Eder), where Israel pitched tent.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Mosaic law pronounces a curse on anyone who lies with his father's wife.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul condemns incest with a father's wife, a sin not even tolerated among pagans.
Supported by Matthew Henry