Genesis35
New King James Version
1Then God said to Jacob, “Arise, go up to Bethel and dwell there; and make an altar there to God, who appeared to you when you fled from the face of Esau your brother.”
2And Jacob said to his household and to all who were with him, “Put away the foreign gods that are among you, purify yourselves, and change your garments.
3Then let us arise and go up to Bethel; and I will make an altar there to God, who answered me in the day of my distress and has been with me in the way which I have gone.”
4So they gave Jacob all the foreign gods which were in their hands, and the earrings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the terebinth tree which was by Shechem.
5And they journeyed, and the terror of God was upon the cities that were all around them, and they did not pursue the sons of Jacob.
6So Jacob came to Luz (that is, Bethel), which is in the land of Canaan, he and all the people who were with him.
7And he built an altar there and called the place El Bethel, because there God appeared to him when he fled from the face of his brother.
8Now Deborah, Rebekah’s nurse, died, and she was buried below Bethel under the terebinth tree. So the name of it was called Allon Bachuth.
9Then God appeared to Jacob again, when he came from Padan Aram, and blessed him.
10And God said to him, “Your name is Jacob; your name shall not be called Jacob anymore, but Israel shall be your name.” So He called his name Israel.
11Also God said to him: “I am God Almighty. Be fruitful and multiply; a nation and a company of nations shall proceed from you, and kings shall come from your body.
12The land which I gave Abraham and Isaac I give to you; and to your descendants after you I give this land.”
13Then God went up from him in the place where He talked with him.
14So Jacob set up a pillar in the place where He talked with him, a pillar of stone; and he poured a drink offering on it, and he poured oil on it.
15And Jacob called the name of the place where God spoke with him, Bethel.
16Then they journeyed from Bethel. And when there was but a little distance to go to Ephrath, Rachel labored in childbirth, and she had hard labor.
17Now it came to pass, when she was in hard labor, that the midwife said to her, “Do not fear; you will have this son also.”
18And so it was, as her soul was departing (for she died), that she called his name Ben-Oni; but his father called him Benjamin.
19So Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath (that is, Bethlehem).
20And Jacob set a pillar on her grave, which is the pillar of Rachel’s grave to this day.
21Then Israel journeyed and pitched his tent beyond the tower of Eder.
22And it happened, when Israel dwelt in that land, that Reuben went and lay with Bilhah his father’s concubine; and Israel heard about it. Now the sons of Jacob were twelve:
23the sons of Leah were Reuben, Jacob’s firstborn, and Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun;
24the sons of Rachel were Joseph and Benjamin;
25the sons of Bilhah, Rachel’s maidservant, were Dan and Naphtali;
26and the sons of Zilpah, Leah’s maidservant, were Gad and Asher. These were the sons of Jacob who were born to him in Padan Aram.
27Then Jacob came to his father Isaac at Mamre, or Kirjath Arba (that is, Hebron), where Abraham and Isaac had dwelt.
28Now the days of Isaac were one hundred and eighty years.
29So Isaac breathed his last and died, and was gathered to his people, being old and full of days. And his sons Esau and Jacob buried him.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 35.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: God commands Jacob to go to Beth-el, He puts away idols from his family. (1–5). Jacob builds an altar, Death of Deborah, God blesses Jacob. (6–15). Death of Rachel. (16–20). Reuben's crime, The death of Isaac. (21–29).
vv1-5
Beth-el was forgotten. But as many as God loves, he will remind of neglected duties, one way or other, by conscience or by providences. When we have vowed a vow to God, it is best not to defer the payment of it; yet better late than never. Jacob commanded his household to prepare, not only for the journey and removal, but for religious services. Masters of families should use their authority to keep up religion in their families, Jos 24:15. They must put away strange gods. In families where there is a face of religion, and an altar to God, yet many times there is much amiss, and more strange gods than one would suppose. They must be clean, and change their garments. These were but outward ceremonies, signifying the purifying and change of the heart. What are clean clothes, and new clothes, without a clean heart, and a new heart? If Jacob had called for these idols sooner, they had parted with them sooner. Sometimes attempts for reformation succeed better than we could have thought. Jacob buried their images. We must be wholly separated from our sins, as we are from those that are dead and buried out of sight. He removed from Shechem to Beth-el. Though the Canaanites were very angry against the sons of Jacob for their barbarous usage of the Shechemites, yet they were so kept back by Divine power, that they could not take the opportunity now offered to avenge them. The way of duty is the way of safety. When we are about God's work, we are under special protection; God is with us, while we are with him; and if He be for us, who can be against us? God governs the world more by secret terrors on men's minds than we are aware of.
vv6-15
The comfort the saints have in holy ordinances, is not so much from Beth-el, the house of God, as from El-beth-el, the God of the house. The ordinances are empty things, if we do not meet with God in them. There Jacob buried Deborah, Rebekah's nurse. She died much lamented. Old servants in a family, that have in their time been faithful and useful, ought to be respected. God appeared to Jacob. He renewed the covenant with him. I am God Almighty, God all-sufficient, able to make good the promise in due time, and to support thee and provide for thee in the mean time. Two things are promised; that he should be the father of a great nation, and that he should be the master of a good land. These two promises had a spiritual signification, which Jacob had some notion of, though not so clear and distinct as we now have. Christ is the promised Seed, and heaven is the promised land; the former is the foundation, and the latter the top-stone, of all God's favours.
vv16-20
Rachel had passionately said, Give me children, or else I die; and now that she had children, she died! The death of the body is but the departure of the soul to the world of spirits. When shall we learn that it is God alone who really knows what is best for his people, and that in all worldly affairs the safest path for the Christian is to say from the heart, It is the Lord, let him do what seemeth him good. Here alone is our safety and our comfort, to know no will but his. Her dying lips called her newborn son Ben-oni, the son of my sorrow; and many a son proves to be the heaviness of her that bare him. Children are enough the sorrow of their mothers; they should, therefore, when they grow up, study to be their joy, and so, if possible, to make them some amends. But Jacob, because he would not renew the sorrowful remembrance of the mother's death every time he called his son, changed his name to Benjamin, the son of my right hand: that is, very dear to me; the support of my age, like the staff in my right hand.
Key Words
אֱלֹהִים: gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
יַעֲקֹב: Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarch
קוּם: to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
עָלָה: to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
בֵּית־אֵל: Beth-El, a place in Palestine
יָשַׁב: properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
עָשָׂה: to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
מִזְבֵּחַ: an altar
אֵל: strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the Almighty (but used also of any deity)
Cross References
Genesis 35The initial vow and divine encounter at Bethel which Jacob is now commanded to perform.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The formal confirmation of Jacob's name change to Israel, originally given at Peniel.
Supported by John Calvin
Jacob's dying prophecy denouncing Reuben for defiling his couch with Bilhah.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Explains that Reuben lost his birthright because he defiled his father's bed.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Rachel's theft of Laban's household idols (teraphim) which are now purged and buried.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Revelation of God as El Shaddai (God Almighty), repeating the covenant formula given to Abraham.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Parallels Isaac and Ishmael burying Abraham; here, estranged brothers Esau and Jacob bury Isaac.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The distress and flight from Esau that prompted the original journey to Bethel.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Patriarchal responsibility to purge household idolatry and lead the family in true worship.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Ceremonial washing and changing garments as outward signs of internal sanctification before meeting God.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Resolving to pay vows made to God in the day of deep distress.
Supported by JFB
The 'terror of God' fell upon Canaanite cities, preventing pursuit of Jacob's family.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Deborah was Rebekah's nurse who originally accompanied her from Mesopotamia.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Esau previously vowed to kill Jacob after Isaac's death, but they bury him together in peace.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Confirms Isaac's burial place in the cave of Machpelah alongside Abraham and Sarah.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The danger of delaying or neglecting to pay vows made to God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Earrings used as superstitious amulets or associated with false worship are discarded.
Supported by JFB
Rachel's earlier desperate demand for children contrastingly ends in her death during childbirth.
Supported by Matthew Henry
A parallel of a mother dying in childbirth, receiving comfort about her newborn son.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Rachel's burial place at Ephrath is identified with Bethlehem, the birthplace of Christ.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Absalom's public sin with David's concubines echoes Reuben's violation of Jacob's concubine.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Isaac lived about forty years after thinking his death was imminent.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Prophetic mention of 'the tower of the flock' (Migdal Eder), where Israel pitched tent.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Mosaic law pronounces a curse on anyone who lies with his father's wife.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul condemns incest with a father's wife, a sin not even tolerated among pagans.
Supported by Matthew Henry