1 Samuel11
New International Version
1Nahash the Ammonite went up and besieged Jabesh Gilead. And all the men of Jabesh said to him, “Make a treaty with us, and we will be subject to you.”
2But Nahash the Ammonite replied, “I will make a treaty with you only on the condition that I gouge out the right eye of every one of you and so bring disgrace on all Israel.”
3The elders of Jabesh said to him, “Give us seven days so we can send messengers throughout Israel; if no one comes to rescue us, we will surrender to you.”
4When the messengers came to Gibeah of Saul and reported these terms to the people, they all wept aloud.
5Just then Saul was returning from the fields, behind his oxen, and he asked, “What is wrong with everyone? Why are they weeping?” Then they repeated to him what the men of Jabesh had said.
6When Saul heard their words, the Spirit of God came powerfully upon him, and he burned with anger.
7He took a pair of oxen, cut them into pieces, and sent the pieces by messengers throughout Israel, proclaiming, “This is what will be done to the oxen of anyone who does not follow Saul and Samuel.” Then the terror of the Lord fell on the people, and they came out together as one.
8When Saul mustered them at Bezek, the men of Israel numbered three hundred thousand and those of Judah thirty thousand.
9They told the messengers who had come, “Say to the men of Jabesh Gilead, ‘By the time the sun is hot tomorrow, you will be rescued.’” When the messengers went and reported this to the men of Jabesh, they were elated.
10They said to the Ammonites, “Tomorrow we will surrender to you, and you can do to us whatever you like.”
11The next day Saul separated his men into three divisions; during the last watch of the night they broke into the camp of the Ammonites and slaughtered them until the heat of the day. Those who survived were scattered, so that no two of them were left together.
12The people then said to Samuel, “Who was it that asked, ‘Shall Saul reign over us?’ Turn these men over to us so that we may put them to death.”
13But Saul said, “No one will be put to death today, for this day the Lord has rescued Israel.”
14Then Samuel said to the people, “Come, let us go to Gilgal and there renew the kingship.”
15So all the people went to Gilgal and made Saul king in the presence of the Lord. There they sacrificed fellowship offerings before the Lord, and Saul and all the Israelites held a great celebration.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 11.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Jabesh-gilead delivered. (1–11). Saul confirmed in his kingdom. (12–15).
vv1-11
The first fruit of Saul's government was the rescue of Jabesh-gilead from the Ammonites. To save their lives, men will part with liberty, and even consent to have their eyes put out; is it then no wisdom to part with that sin which is as dear to us as our right eye, rather than to be cast into hell-fire? See the faith and confidence of Saul, and, grounded thereon, his courage and resolution. See also his activity in this business. When the Spirit of the Lord comes upon men, it will make them expert, even without experience. When zeal for the glory of God, and love for the brethren, urge men to earnest efforts, and when God is pleased to help, great effects may speedily be produced.
vv12-15
They now honoured Saul whom they had despised; and if an enemy be made a friend, that is more to our advantage than to have him slain. The once despised Saviour will at length be acknowledged by all as the Lord's own anointed king. As yet, upon his mercy-seat, he receives the submission of rebels, and even pleads their cause; but shortly, from his righteous tribunal, he will condemn all who persist in opposing him.
Key Words
נָחָשׁ: Nachash, the name of two persons apparently non-Israelite
עַמּוֹנִי: an Ammonite or (the adjective) Ammonitish
עָלָה: to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
חָנָה: properly, to incline; by implication, to decline (of the slanting rays of evening); specifically, to pitch atent; gen. to encamp (for abode or siege)
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אֱנוֹשׁ: a man in general (singly or collectively)
יָבֵשׁ: Jobesh, the name of an Israelite and of a place in Palestine
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
כָּרַת: to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e. make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutting flesh and passing between the pieces)
בְּרִית: a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
Cross References
1 Samuel 11Samuel explicitly states that Nahash's invasion was the immediate catalyst for Israel's demand for a king.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Saul's action of cutting oxen mirrors the Levite's gruesome summons of Israel in Judges.
Supported by JFB
The people demand death for the rebels who previously despised Saul's kingship.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The Ammonites seek to reclaim territory and avenge their previous defeat by Jephthah.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Spirit of God empowers Saul just as He did the Judges for military deliverance.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The divine Spirit's sudden empowerment of Saul echoes Gideon's clothing with the Spirit.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal and thematic parallel to the Spirit coming upon Jephthah before the Ammonite battle.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jabesh-gilead had historic ties to Benjamin, having provided wives after the war of Judges 21.
Supported by Matthew Poole
David later shows similar royal clemency to his detractors, refusing to execute them on a day of victory.
Supported by JFB
The men of Jabesh-gilead later risk their lives to rescue Saul's body in gratitude for this rescue.
The fear of the Lord fell on the people, causing them to unite, echoing Genesis 35.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Saul's strategy of dividing his forces into three companies mirrors Gideon's tactical arrangement.
Supported by JFB
Fulfills Samuel's earlier command to go to Gilgal to offer sacrifices and establish Saul.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Blinding captives as mutilation to disable them from warfare, as seen with Samson's right and left eyes.
Supported by Matthew Poole