Judges12
New International Version
1The Ephraimite forces were called out, and they crossed over to Zaphon. They said to Jephthah, “Why did you go to fight the Ammonites without calling us to go with you? We’re going to burn down your house over your head.”
2Jephthah answered, “I and my people were engaged in a great struggle with the Ammonites, and although I called, you didn’t save me out of their hands.
3When I saw that you wouldn’t help, I took my life in my hands and crossed over to fight the Ammonites, and the Lord gave me the victory over them. Now why have you come up today to fight me?”
4Jephthah then called together the men of Gilead and fought against Ephraim. The Gileadites struck them down because the Ephraimites had said, “You Gileadites are renegades from Ephraim and Manasseh.”
5The Gileadites captured the fords of the Jordan leading to Ephraim, and whenever a survivor of Ephraim said, “Let me cross over,” the men of Gilead asked him, “Are you an Ephraimite?” If he replied, “No,”
6they said, “All right, say ‘Shibboleth.’” If he said, “Sibboleth,” because he could not pronounce the word correctly, they seized him and killed him at the fords of the Jordan. Forty-two thousand Ephraimites were killed at that time.
7Jephthah led Israel six years. Then Jephthah the Gileadite died and was buried in a town in Gilead.
8After him, Ibzan of Bethlehem led Israel.
9He had thirty sons and thirty daughters. He gave his daughters away in marriage to those outside his clan, and for his sons he brought in thirty young women as wives from outside his clan. Ibzan led Israel seven years.
10Then Ibzan died and was buried in Bethlehem.
11After him, Elon the Zebulunite led Israel ten years.
12Then Elon died and was buried in Aijalon in the land of Zebulun.
13After him, Abdon son of Hillel, from Pirathon, led Israel.
14He had forty sons and thirty grandsons, who rode on seventy donkeys. He led Israel eight years.
15Then Abdon son of Hillel died and was buried at Pirathon in Ephraim, in the hill country of the Amalekites.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Judges 12.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Ephraimites quarrel with Jephthah. (1–7). Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon judge Israel. (8–15).
vv1-7
The Ephraimites had the same quarrel with Jephthah as with Gideon. Pride was at the bottom of the quarrel; only by that comes contention. It is ill to fasten names of reproach upon persons or countries, as is common, especially upon those under outward disadvantages. It often occasions quarrels that prove of ill consequence, as it did here. No contentions are so bitter as those between brethren or rivals for honour. What need we have to watch and pray against evil tempers! May the Lord incline all his people to follow after things which make for peace!
vv8-15
We have here a short account of three more of the judges of Israel. The happiest life of individuals, and the happiest state of society, is that which affords the fewest remarkable events. To live in credit and quiet, to be peacefully useful to those around us, to possess a clear conscience; but, above all, and without which nothing can avail, to enjoy communion with God our Saviour while we live, and to die at peace with God and man, form the substance of all that a wise man can desire.
Key Words
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
אֶפְרַיִם: Ephrajim, a son of Joseph; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
צָעַק: to shriek; (by implication) to proclaim (an assembly)
עָבַר: to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in copulation)
צָפוֹן: properly, hidden, i.e. dark; used only of the north as aquarter (gloomy and unknown)
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
יִפְתָּח: Jiphtach, an Israelite; also a place in Palestine
לָחַם: to feed on; figuratively, to consume; by implication, to battle (as destruction)
קָרָא: to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
יָלַךְ: to walk (literally or figuratively); causatively, to carry (in various senses)
Cross References
Judges 12Ephraim's prideful, irritable complaint to Jephthah mirrors their earlier contentious behavior toward Gideon.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Exemplifies the idiomatic expression 'I put my life in my hands' to represent imminent danger.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel use of the Hebrew idiom of putting one's life in one's hand to face danger.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Another occurrence of the biblical idiom 'put my life in my hand' signifying extreme risk.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Contrast: Ephraim previously seized the waters of Jordan against Midian, but now Gilead takes them against Ephraim.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Illustrates how a regional accent or pronunciation (dialect) betrays a person's geographic origin.
Supported by JFB
Details the preceding diplomatic and military struggle Jephthah had with the Ammonites.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Apostolic confirmation of Jephthah's inclusion among the exemplars of faith.
Supported by JFB
Parallel description of a minor judge (Jair) with numerous sons and status-revealing ass colts.
Supported by JFB
The large number of children reflects polygamy and the prestigious status of the judge.
Supported by JFB
Biblical maxim stating that pride is the fundamental cause of such bitter contentions.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Direct parallel in the immediate context of Abdon's extensive progeny riding ass colts.
Supported by JFB
Parallel threat of burning someone's house down with fire, showing the volatile culture.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal echo of riding on white asses as a symbol of nobility and leadership.
Supported by Matthew Henry