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Judges 12

Judges12

New Living Translation

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1 Then the people of Ephraim mobilized an army and crossed over the Jordan River to Zaphon. They sent this message to Jephthah: “Why didn’t you call for us to help you fight against the Ammonites? We are going to burn down your house with you in it!”

2 Jephthah replied, “I summoned you at the beginning of the dispute, but you refused to come! You failed to help us in our struggle against Ammon.

3 So when I realized you weren’t coming, I risked my life and went to battle without you, and the Lord gave me victory over the Ammonites. So why have you now come to fight me?”

4 The people of Ephraim responded, “You men of Gilead are nothing more than fugitives from Ephraim and Manasseh.” So Jephthah gathered all the men of Gilead and attacked the men of Ephraim and defeated them.

5 Jephthah captured the shallow crossings of the Jordan River, and whenever a fugitive from Ephraim tried to go back across, the men of Gilead would challenge him. “Are you a member of the tribe of Ephraim?” they would ask. If the man said, “No, I’m not,”

6 they would tell him to say “Shibboleth.” If he was from Ephraim, he would say “Sibboleth,” because people from Ephraim cannot pronounce the word correctly. Then they would take him and kill him at the shallow crossings of the Jordan. In all, 42,000 Ephraimites were killed at that time.

7 Jephthah judged Israel for six years. When he died, he was buried in one of the towns of Gilead.

8 After Jephthah died, Ibzan from Bethlehem judged Israel.

9 He had thirty sons and thirty daughters. He sent his daughters to marry men outside his clan, and he brought in thirty young women from outside his clan to marry his sons. Ibzan judged Israel for seven years.

10 When he died, he was buried at Bethlehem.

11 After Ibzan died, Elon from the tribe of Zebulun judged Israel for ten years.

12 When he died, he was buried at Aijalon in Zebulun.

13 After Elon died, Abdon son of Hillel, from Pirathon, judged Israel.

14 He had forty sons and thirty grandsons, who rode on seventy donkeys. He judged Israel for eight years.

15 When he died, he was buried at Pirathon in Ephraim, in the hill country of the Amalekites.

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Judges 12

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Judges 12. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Ephraimites quarrel with Jephthah. (1–7). Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon judge Israel. (8–15).

vv1-7

The Ephraimites had the same quarrel with Jephthah as with Gideon. Pride was at the bottom of the quarrel; only by that comes contention. It is ill to fasten names of reproach upon persons or countries, as is common, especially upon those under outward disadvantages. It often occasions quarrels that prove of ill consequence, as it did here. No contentions are so bitter as those between brethren or rivals for honour. What need we have to watch and pray against evil tempers! May the Lord incline all his people to follow after things which make for peace!

vv8-15

We have here a short account of three more of the judges of Israel. The happiest life of individuals, and the happiest state of society, is that which affords the fewest remarkable events. To live in credit and quiet, to be peacefully useful to those around us, to possess a clear conscience; but, above all, and without which nothing can avail, to enjoy communion with God our Saviour while we live, and to die at peace with God and man, form the substance of all that a wise man can desire.

Cross References

Judges 12
v1Judges 8:1thematic

Ephraim's prideful, irritable complaint to Jephthah mirrors their earlier contentious behavior toward Gideon.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Psalms 119:109thematic

Exemplifies the idiomatic expression 'I put my life in my hands' to represent imminent danger.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v31 Samuel 19:5thematic

Parallel use of the Hebrew idiom of putting one's life in one's hand to face danger.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v3Job 13:14thematic

Another occurrence of the biblical idiom 'put my life in my hand' signifying extreme risk.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v5Judges 7:24thematic

Contrast: Ephraim previously seized the waters of Jordan against Midian, but now Gilead takes them against Ephraim.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v6Matthew 26:73thematic

Illustrates how a regional accent or pronunciation (dialect) betrays a person's geographic origin.

Supported by JFB

v2Judges 11:12-33thematic

Details the preceding diplomatic and military struggle Jephthah had with the Ammonites.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v7Hebrews 11:32thematic

Apostolic confirmation of Jephthah's inclusion among the exemplars of faith.

Supported by JFB

v9Judges 10:4thematic

Parallel description of a minor judge (Jair) with numerous sons and status-revealing ass colts.

Supported by JFB

v9Judges 8:30thematic

The large number of children reflects polygamy and the prestigious status of the judge.

Supported by JFB

v1Proverbs 13:10thematic

Biblical maxim stating that pride is the fundamental cause of such bitter contentions.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v9Judges 12:14thematic

Direct parallel in the immediate context of Abdon's extensive progeny riding ass colts.

Supported by JFB

v1Judges 14:15thematic

Parallel threat of burning someone's house down with fire, showing the volatile culture.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v14Judges 5:10thematic

Verbal echo of riding on white asses as a symbol of nobility and leadership.

Supported by Matthew Henry