1 Samuel19
New Living Translation
1Saul now urged his servants and his son Jonathan to assassinate David. But Jonathan, because of his strong affection for David,
2told him what his father was planning. “Tomorrow morning,” he warned him, “you must find a hiding place out in the fields.
3I’ll ask my father to go out there with me, and I’ll talk to him about you. Then I’ll tell you everything I can find out.”
4The next morning Jonathan spoke with his father about David, saying many good things about him. “The king must not sin against his servant David,” Jonathan said. “He’s never done anything to harm you. He has always helped you in any way he could.
5Have you forgotten about the time he risked his life to kill the Philistine giant and how the Lord brought a great victory to all Israel as a result? You were certainly happy about it then. Why should you murder an innocent man like David? There is no reason for it at all!”
6So Saul listened to Jonathan and vowed, “As surely as the Lord lives, David will not be killed.”
7Afterward Jonathan called David and told him what had happened. Then he brought David to Saul, and David served in the court as before.
8War broke out again after that, and David led his troops against the Philistines. He attacked them with such fury that they all ran away.
9But one day when Saul was sitting at home, with spear in hand, the tormenting spirit from the Lord suddenly came upon him again. As David played his harp,
10Saul hurled his spear at David. But David dodged out of the way, and leaving the spear stuck in the wall, he fled and escaped into the night.
11Then Saul sent troops to watch David’s house. They were told to kill David when he came out the next morning. But Michal, David’s wife, warned him, “If you don’t escape tonight, you will be dead by morning.”
12So she helped him climb out through a window, and he fled and escaped.
13Then she took an idol and put it in his bed, covered it with blankets, and put a cushion of goat’s hair at its head.
14When the troops came to arrest David, she told them he was sick and couldn’t get out of bed.
15But Saul sent the troops back to get David. He ordered, “Bring him to me in his bed so I can kill him!”
16But when they came to carry David out, they discovered that it was only an idol in the bed with a cushion of goat’s hair at its head.
17“Why have you betrayed me like this and let my enemy escape?” Saul demanded of Michal. “I had to,” Michal replied. “He threatened to kill me if I didn’t help him.”
18So David escaped and went to Ramah to see Samuel, and he told him all that Saul had done to him. Then Samuel took David with him to live at Naioth.
19When the report reached Saul that David was at Naioth in Ramah,
20he sent troops to capture him. But when they arrived and saw Samuel leading a group of prophets who were prophesying, the Spirit of God came upon Saul’s men, and they also began to prophesy.
21When Saul heard what had happened, he sent other troops, but they, too, prophesied! The same thing happened a third time.
22Finally, Saul himself went to Ramah and arrived at the great well in Secu. “Where are Samuel and David?” he demanded. “They are at Naioth in Ramah,” someone told him.
23But on the way to Naioth in Ramah the Spirit of God came even upon Saul, and he, too, began to prophesy all the way to Naioth!
24He tore off his clothes and lay naked on the ground all day and all night, prophesying in the presence of Samuel. The people who were watching exclaimed, “What? Is even Saul a prophet?”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 19.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Jonathan reconciles his father to David, Saul again tries to slay him. (1–10). David flees to Samuel. (11–24).
vv1-10
How forcible are right words! Saul was, for a time, convinced of the unreasonableness of his enmity to David; but he continued his malice against David. So incurable is the hatred of the seed of the serpent against that of the woman; so deceitful and desperately wicked is the heart of man without the grace of God, Jer 17:9.
vv11-24
Michal's stratagem to gain time till David got to a distance was allowable, but her falsehood had not even the plea of necessity to excuse it, and manifests that she was not influenced by the same spirit of piety which had dictated Jonathan's language to Saul. In flying to Samuel, David made God his refuge. Samuel, as a prophet, was best able to advise him what to do in this day of distress. He met with little rest or satisfaction in Saul's court, therefore went to seek it in Samuel's church. What little pleasure is to be had in this world, those have who live a life of communion with God; to that David returned in the time of trouble. So impatient was Saul after David's blood, so restless against him, that although baffled by one providence after another, he could not see that David was under the special protection of God. And when God will take this way to protect David, even Saul prophesies. Many have great gifts, yet no grace; they may prophesy in Christ's name, yet are disowned by him. Let us daily seek for renewing grace, which shall be in us as a well of water springing up into everlasting life. Let us cleave to truth and holiness with full purpose of heart. In every danger and trouble, let us seek protection, comfort, and direction in God's ordinances.
Key Words
שָׁאוּל: Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites
דָבַר: perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
יוֹנָתָן: Jonathan, the name of ten Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
עֶבֶד: a servant
מוּת: to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
יְהוֹנָתָן: Jehonathan, the name of four Israelites
חָפֵץ: properly, to incline to; by implication (literally but rarely) to bend; figuratively, to be pleased with, desire
Cross References
1 Samuel 19Poole notes the idiomatic expression 'put his life in his hand' matches Jephthah's exact Hebrew phrasing.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jonathan's defense refers directly to David slaying the Philistine giant, Goliath.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
SAul's previous attempt to spear David under the influence of the evil spirit.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Echoes Saul's earlier attempt to pin David to the wall with a javelin.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
David wrote Psalm 59 specifically when Saul's messengers watched his house to kill him.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Michal letting David down through a window directly mirrors Rahab letting the spies escape.
Supported by JFB
The 'teraphim' image Michal used matches Rachel's stolen household gods, showing lingering domestic superstition.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The repeat of Saul's ecstatic prophesying, renewing the proverb 'Is Saul among the prophets?'
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel escape from a window in a basket, used by Paul to elude captors.
Saul's messengers sent to arrest David are subdued by God's Spirit, like temple officers sent for Jesus.
Supported by JFB
The Spirit of God overwhelming a group of people, causing them to prophesy similarly.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jonathan's repeated appeal to Saul's sense of justice regarding David's innocence.
David flees to Ramah, where Samuel resided after his final break with Saul.
Supported by JFB
The school/company of the prophets under Samuel's supervision, previously encountered by Saul.
Supported by JFB
Illustrates how people can possess prophetic gifts without possessing saving grace, like Saul.
Supported by Matthew Henry