1 Samuel19
English Standard Version
Tap any underlined word for the original Hebrew or Greek.
1 And to his and to his , that they should . But , , in .
2 And , my to you. be on your in the . in a and yourself.
3 And I will and my in the you , and I will to my about you. And I anything I will you.
4 And of to his and to him, Let the against his , he has against you, and his have brought to you.
5 For he his in his and he the , and the Lord a for . You it, and . then will you against by ?
6 And the of . , As the Lord , he shall be .
7 And , and to him . And to , and he was in his as .
8 And there was . And and with the and them with a , so that they him.
9 Then a from the Lord came upon , as he in his with his in his . And was the .
10 And to to the with the , but he , so that he the into the . And and that .
11 to to him, that he might him in the . But , , him, you do with your , you will be .
12 So the , and he and .
13 an and it on the and a of at its and it with the .
14 And when to , she , He is .
15 Then the to , , Bring him to me in the , that I may him.
16 And when the , , the was in the , with the of at its .
17 to , have you me thus and let my , so that he has ? And , He to me, Let me . should I you?
18 Now and , and he to at and him that had to him. And he and and .
19 And it was , , is at in .
20 Then to , and when they the of the , and as them, the of came upon the of , and they also .
21 When it was , he , and they . And the time, and they .
22 Then he himself to and to the that is in . And he , are and ? And one , , they are at in .
23 And he to in . And the of him , and as he he he to in .
24 And his , and and that and that . it is , Is among the ?
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1 Samuel 19Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 19. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Jonathan reconciles his father to David, Saul again tries to slay him. (1–10). David flees to Samuel. (11–24).
vv1-10
How forcible are right words! Saul was, for a time, convinced of the unreasonableness of his enmity to David; but he continued his malice against David. So incurable is the hatred of the seed of the serpent against that of the woman; so deceitful and desperately wicked is the heart of man without the grace of God, Jer 17:9.
vv11-24
Michal's stratagem to gain time till David got to a distance was allowable, but her falsehood had not even the plea of necessity to excuse it, and manifests that she was not influenced by the same spirit of piety which had dictated Jonathan's language to Saul. In flying to Samuel, David made God his refuge. Samuel, as a prophet, was best able to advise him what to do in this day of distress. He met with little rest or satisfaction in Saul's court, therefore went to seek it in Samuel's church. What little pleasure is to be had in this world, those have who live a life of communion with God; to that David returned in the time of trouble. So impatient was Saul after David's blood, so restless against him, that although baffled by one providence after another, he could not see that David was under the special protection of God. And when God will take this way to protect David, even Saul prophesies. Many have great gifts, yet no grace; they may prophesy in Christ's name, yet are disowned by him. Let us daily seek for renewing grace, which shall be in us as a well of water springing up into everlasting life. Let us cleave to truth and holiness with full purpose of heart. In every danger and trouble, let us seek protection, comfort, and direction in God's ordinances.
Key Words
שָׁאוּל: Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites
דָבַר: perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
יוֹנָתָן: Jonathan, the name of ten Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
עֶבֶד: a servant
מוּת: to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
יְהוֹנָתָן: Jehonathan, the name of four Israelites
חָפֵץ: properly, to incline to; by implication (literally but rarely) to bend; figuratively, to be pleased with, desire
Cross References
1 Samuel 19Poole notes the idiomatic expression 'put his life in his hand' matches Jephthah's exact Hebrew phrasing.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jonathan's defense refers directly to David slaying the Philistine giant, Goliath.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
SAul's previous attempt to spear David under the influence of the evil spirit.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Echoes Saul's earlier attempt to pin David to the wall with a javelin.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
David wrote Psalm 59 specifically when Saul's messengers watched his house to kill him.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Michal letting David down through a window directly mirrors Rahab letting the spies escape.
Supported by JFB
The 'teraphim' image Michal used matches Rachel's stolen household gods, showing lingering domestic superstition.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The repeat of Saul's ecstatic prophesying, renewing the proverb 'Is Saul among the prophets?'
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel escape from a window in a basket, used by Paul to elude captors.
Saul's messengers sent to arrest David are subdued by God's Spirit, like temple officers sent for Jesus.
Supported by JFB
The Spirit of God overwhelming a group of people, causing them to prophesy similarly.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jonathan's repeated appeal to Saul's sense of justice regarding David's innocence.
David flees to Ramah, where Samuel resided after his final break with Saul.
Supported by JFB
The school/company of the prophets under Samuel's supervision, previously encountered by Saul.
Supported by JFB
Illustrates how people can possess prophetic gifts without possessing saving grace, like Saul.
Supported by Matthew Henry