1 Samuel 19WEB
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1 Samuel19

World English Bible · Public Domain

1Saul spoke to Jonathan his son and to all his servants, that they should kill David. But Jonathan, Saul’s son, greatly delighted in David.

2Jonathan told David, saying, “Saul my father seeks to kill you. Now therefore, please take care of yourself in the morning, live in a secret place, and hide yourself.

3I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where you are, and I will talk with my father about you; and if I see anything, I will tell you.”

4Jonathan spoke good of David to Saul his father, and said to him, “Don’t let the king sin against his servant, against David; because he has not sinned against you, and because his works have been very good toward you;

5for he put his life in his hand and struck the Philistine, and Yahweh worked a great victory for all Israel. You saw it and rejoiced. Why then will you sin against innocent blood, to kill David without a cause?”

6Saul listened to the voice of Jonathan; and Saul swore, “As Yahweh lives, he shall not be put to death.”

7Jonathan called David, and Jonathan showed him all those things. Then Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence as before.

8There was war again. David went out and fought with the Philistines, and killed them with a great slaughter; and they fled before him.

9An evil spirit from Yahweh was on Saul as he sat in his house with his spear in his hand; and David was playing music with his hand.

10Saul sought to pin David to the wall with the spear, but he slipped away out of Saul’s presence; and he stuck the spear into the wall. David fled and escaped that night.

11Saul sent messengers to David’s house to watch him and to kill him in the morning. Michal, David’s wife, told him, saying, “If you don’t save your life tonight, tomorrow you will be killed.”

12So Michal let David down through the window. He went away, fled, and escaped.

13Michal took the teraphim and laid it in the bed, and put a pillow of goats’ hair at its head and covered it with clothes.

14When Saul sent messengers to take David, she said, “He is sick.”

15Saul sent the messengers to see David, saying, “Bring him up to me in the bed, that I may kill him.”

16When the messengers came in, behold, the teraphim was in the bed, with the pillow of goats’ hair at its head.

17Saul said to Michal, “Why have you deceived me like this and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped?” Michal answered Saul, “He said to me, ‘Let me go! Why should I kill you?’”

18Now David fled and escaped, and came to Samuel at Ramah, and told him all that Saul had done to him. He and Samuel went and lived in Naioth.

19Saul was told, saying, “Behold, David is at Naioth in Ramah.”

20Saul sent messengers to seize David; and when they saw the company of the prophets prophesying, and Samuel standing as head over them, God’s Spirit came on Saul’s messengers, and they also prophesied.

21When Saul was told, he sent other messengers, and they also prophesied. Saul sent messengers again the third time, and they also prophesied.

22Then he also went to Ramah, and came to the great well that is in Secu: and he asked, “Where are Samuel and David?” One said, “Behold, they are at Naioth in Ramah.”

23He went there to Naioth in Ramah. Then God’s Spirit came on him also, and he went on, and prophesied, until he came to Naioth in Ramah.

24He also stripped off his clothes. He also prophesied before Samuel and lay down naked all that day and all that night. Therefore they say, “Is Saul also among the prophets?”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 19.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Jonathan reconciles his father to David, Saul again tries to slay him. (1–10). David flees to Samuel. (11–24).

vv1-10

How forcible are right words! Saul was, for a time, convinced of the unreasonableness of his enmity to David; but he continued his malice against David. So incurable is the hatred of the seed of the serpent against that of the woman; so deceitful and desperately wicked is the heart of man without the grace of God, Jer 17:9.

vv11-24

Michal's stratagem to gain time till David got to a distance was allowable, but her falsehood had not even the plea of necessity to excuse it, and manifests that she was not influenced by the same spirit of piety which had dictated Jonathan's language to Saul. In flying to Samuel, David made God his refuge. Samuel, as a prophet, was best able to advise him what to do in this day of distress. He met with little rest or satisfaction in Saul's court, therefore went to seek it in Samuel's church. What little pleasure is to be had in this world, those have who live a life of communion with God; to that David returned in the time of trouble. So impatient was Saul after David's blood, so restless against him, that although baffled by one providence after another, he could not see that David was under the special protection of God. And when God will take this way to protect David, even Saul prophesies. Many have great gifts, yet no grace; they may prophesy in Christ's name, yet are disowned by him. Let us daily seek for renewing grace, which shall be in us as a well of water springing up into everlasting life. Let us cleave to truth and holiness with full purpose of heart. In every danger and trouble, let us seek protection, comfort, and direction in God's ordinances.

Cross References

1 Samuel 19
v5Judges 12:3thematic

Poole notes the idiomatic expression 'put his life in his hand' matches Jephthah's exact Hebrew phrasing.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Jonathan's defense refers directly to David slaying the Philistine giant, Goliath.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v91 Samuel 18:10thematic

SAul's previous attempt to spear David under the influence of the evil spirit.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v101 Samuel 18:11thematic

Echoes Saul's earlier attempt to pin David to the wall with a javelin.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v11Psalms 59:1thematic

David wrote Psalm 59 specifically when Saul's messengers watched his house to kill him.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v12Joshua 2:15allusion

Michal letting David down through a window directly mirrors Rahab letting the spies escape.

Supported by JFB

v13Genesis 31:19thematic

The 'teraphim' image Michal used matches Rachel's stolen household gods, showing lingering domestic superstition.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v231 Samuel 10:10thematic

The repeat of Saul's ecstatic prophesying, renewing the proverb 'Is Saul among the prophets?'

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

Parallel escape from a window in a basket, used by Paul to elude captors.

v20John 7:45thematic

Saul's messengers sent to arrest David are subdued by God's Spirit, like temple officers sent for Jesus.

Supported by JFB

v20Numbers 11:25thematic

The Spirit of God overwhelming a group of people, causing them to prophesy similarly.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v41 Samuel 20:32thematic

Jonathan's repeated appeal to Saul's sense of justice regarding David's innocence.

v181 Samuel 15:34thematic

David flees to Ramah, where Samuel resided after his final break with Saul.

Supported by JFB

v201 Samuel 10:5thematic

The school/company of the prophets under Samuel's supervision, previously encountered by Saul.

Supported by JFB

v23Matthew 7:22thematic

Illustrates how people can possess prophetic gifts without possessing saving grace, like Saul.

Supported by Matthew Henry