1 Samuel19
New American Standard
1Now Saul told his son Jonathan and all his servants to put David to death. But Jonathan, Saul’s son, greatly delighted in David.
2So Jonathan informed David, saying, “My father Saul is seeking to put you to death. Now then, please be on your guard in the morning, and stay in a hiding place and conceal yourself.
3And as for me, I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where you are hiding, and I will speak with my father about you; and whatever I find out, I will tell you.”
4Then Jonathan spoke well of David to his father Saul and said to him, “May the king not sin against his servant David, since he has not sinned against you, and since his deeds have been very beneficial to you.
5For he took his life in his hand and struck the Philistine, and the Lord brought about a great victory for all Israel; you saw it and rejoiced. Why then would you sin against innocent blood by putting David to death for no reason?”
6Saul listened to the voice of Jonathan, and Saul vowed, “As the Lord lives, David shall not be put to death.”
7Then Jonathan called David, and Jonathan told him all these words. And Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence as before.
8When there was war again, David went out and fought the Philistines and defeated them with great slaughter, so that they fled from him.
9Now there was an evil spirit from the Lord on Saul as he was sitting in his house with his spear in his hand, and David was playing the harp with his hand.
10And Saul tried to pin David to the wall with the spear, but he escaped from Saul’s presence, so that he stuck the spear into the wall. And David fled and escaped that night.
11Then Saul sent messengers to David’s house to watch him, in order to put him to death in the morning. But Michal, David’s wife, informed him, saying, “If you do not save your life tonight, tomorrow you will be put to death!”
12So Michal let David down through a window, and he went and fled, and escaped.
13And Michal took the household idol and laid it on the bed, and put a quilt of goats’ hair at its head, and covered it with clothing.
14When Saul sent messengers to take David, she said, “He is sick.”
15Then Saul sent messengers to see David, saying, “Bring him up to me on his bed, so that I may put him to death.”
16When the messengers entered, behold, the household idol was on the bed with the quilt of goats’ hair at its head.
17So Saul said to Michal, “Why have you betrayed me like this and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped?” And Michal said to Saul, “He said to me, ‘Let me go! Why should I put you to death?’”
18So David fled and escaped, and came to Samuel at Ramah; and he informed him of everything that Saul had done to him. And he and Samuel went and stayed in Naioth.
19But it was reported to Saul, saying, “Behold, David is at Naioth in Ramah.”
20Then Saul sent messengers to take David, but when they saw the company of prophets prophesying, with Samuel standing and presiding over them, the Spirit of God came upon the messengers of Saul; and they also prophesied.
21When Saul was informed of this, he sent other messengers, but they also prophesied. So Saul sent messengers again the third time, yet they prophesied.
22Then he went to Ramah himself and came as far as the large well that is in Secu; and he asked, “Where are Samuel and David?” And someone said, “Behold, they are at Naioth in Ramah.”
23So he proceeded there to Naioth in Ramah; but the Spirit of God came upon him also, so that he went along prophesying continually until he came to Naioth in Ramah.
24He also stripped off his clothes, and he too prophesied before Samuel and lay down naked all that day and all night. Therefore they say, “Is Saul also among the prophets?”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 19.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Jonathan reconciles his father to David, Saul again tries to slay him. (1–10). David flees to Samuel. (11–24).
vv1-10
How forcible are right words! Saul was, for a time, convinced of the unreasonableness of his enmity to David; but he continued his malice against David. So incurable is the hatred of the seed of the serpent against that of the woman; so deceitful and desperately wicked is the heart of man without the grace of God, Jer 17:9.
vv11-24
Michal's stratagem to gain time till David got to a distance was allowable, but her falsehood had not even the plea of necessity to excuse it, and manifests that she was not influenced by the same spirit of piety which had dictated Jonathan's language to Saul. In flying to Samuel, David made God his refuge. Samuel, as a prophet, was best able to advise him what to do in this day of distress. He met with little rest or satisfaction in Saul's court, therefore went to seek it in Samuel's church. What little pleasure is to be had in this world, those have who live a life of communion with God; to that David returned in the time of trouble. So impatient was Saul after David's blood, so restless against him, that although baffled by one providence after another, he could not see that David was under the special protection of God. And when God will take this way to protect David, even Saul prophesies. Many have great gifts, yet no grace; they may prophesy in Christ's name, yet are disowned by him. Let us daily seek for renewing grace, which shall be in us as a well of water springing up into everlasting life. Let us cleave to truth and holiness with full purpose of heart. In every danger and trouble, let us seek protection, comfort, and direction in God's ordinances.
Key Words
שָׁאוּל: Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites
דָבַר: perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
יוֹנָתָן: Jonathan, the name of ten Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
עֶבֶד: a servant
מוּת: to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
יְהוֹנָתָן: Jehonathan, the name of four Israelites
חָפֵץ: properly, to incline to; by implication (literally but rarely) to bend; figuratively, to be pleased with, desire
Cross References
1 Samuel 19Poole notes the idiomatic expression 'put his life in his hand' matches Jephthah's exact Hebrew phrasing.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jonathan's defense refers directly to David slaying the Philistine giant, Goliath.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
SAul's previous attempt to spear David under the influence of the evil spirit.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Echoes Saul's earlier attempt to pin David to the wall with a javelin.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
David wrote Psalm 59 specifically when Saul's messengers watched his house to kill him.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Michal letting David down through a window directly mirrors Rahab letting the spies escape.
Supported by JFB
The 'teraphim' image Michal used matches Rachel's stolen household gods, showing lingering domestic superstition.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The repeat of Saul's ecstatic prophesying, renewing the proverb 'Is Saul among the prophets?'
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel escape from a window in a basket, used by Paul to elude captors.
Saul's messengers sent to arrest David are subdued by God's Spirit, like temple officers sent for Jesus.
Supported by JFB
The Spirit of God overwhelming a group of people, causing them to prophesy similarly.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jonathan's repeated appeal to Saul's sense of justice regarding David's innocence.
David flees to Ramah, where Samuel resided after his final break with Saul.
Supported by JFB
The school/company of the prophets under Samuel's supervision, previously encountered by Saul.
Supported by JFB
Illustrates how people can possess prophetic gifts without possessing saving grace, like Saul.
Supported by Matthew Henry