1 Samuel20
English Standard Version
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1 Then from in and and , have I ? is my ? And is my your , he my ?
2 And he to him, ! You shall . , my either it to . And should my me? It is .
3 But , , Your I have in your , and he , Do let , he be . But , as the Lord and as your , there is a me and .
4 Then to , , I will for you.
5 to , , is the , and I should not to at the . But let me , that I may myself in the the day at .
6 your me at , then , of me to to his , there is a there for the .
7 he , ! it will be with your , but he is , then is him.
8 Therefore your , you have your into a of the Lord you. But there in me, me yourself, for should you me your ?
9 And , from you! I that it was by my that should to you, would I you?
10 Then to , will me if your you ?
11 And to , , let us into the . So they into the .
12 And to , The Lord, the of , be ! When I have out my , about this , or the day, , if he is toward , shall I then and it to ?
13 But should it my to do , the Lord to and if I do not it to and , that you may in . May the Lord be you, he has been my .
14 I am , me the of the Lord, that I may ;
15 and do your my , when the Lord cuts every of the of the of the .
16 And made a the of , saying, May the Lord on .
17 And made by his for him, for he him as he his own .
18 Then , is the , and you will be , your will be .
19 On the the you the was in hand, and the .
20 And I will to the of it, as though I at a .
21 And , I will the , saying, , the . I to the , , the are on this of you, them, you are to , , as the Lord , it is for you and there is .
22 But I to the , , the are you, then , the Lord has .
23 And as for the of you and I have , , the Lord is you and me .
24 So himself in the . And when the came, the to .
25 The his , as at other , on the by the . , and by , but was .
26 Yet did that , he , Something has to him. He is ; he is .
27 But on the , the day after the , was . And to his , has the of to the , ?
28 , leave to go .
29 He , Let me , our holds a in the , and my has me to be there. So , I have in your , let me and my . For this he has to the .
30 Then was against , and he to him, You of a , woman, do I you have the of to your own , and to the of your ?
31 as the of the , you nor your shall be . and him to me, he shall .
32 Then his , should he be ? has he ?
33 But his him to him. So his was to to .
34 And the in and the of the , he was for , his had .
35 In the into the to the with , and him a .
36 And he to his , and the I . As the , he an him.
37 And when the to the of the had , the and , Is the you?
38 And the , ! Be ! Do ! So the and to his .
39 But the . and the .
40 And his to his and to him, and them to the .
41 And as soon as the had , the and on his to the and . And they and with , weeping the .
42 Then to , in , we have of us in the of the Lord, , The Lord shall be me and you, and my and your , . And he and , and into the .
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1 Samuel 20Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 20. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: David consults Jonathan. (1–10). Jonathan's covenant with David. (11–23). Saul, missing David, seeks to kill Jonathan. (24–34). Jonathan takes leave of David. (35–42).
vv1-10
The trials David met with, prepared him for future advancement. Thus the Lord deals with those whom he prepares unto glory. He does not put them into immediate possession of the kingdom, but leads them to it through much tribulation, which he makes the means of fitting them for it. Let them not murmur at his gracious appointment, nor distrust his care; but let them look forward with joyful expectation to the crown which is laid up for them. Sometimes it appears to us that there is but a step between us and death; at all times it may be so, and we should prepare for the event. But though dangers appear most threatening, we cannot die till the purpose of God concerning us is accomplished; nor till we have served our generation according to his will, if we are believers. Jonathan generously offers David his services. This is true friendship. Thus Christ testifies his love to us, Ask, and it shall be done for you; and we must testify our love to him, by keeping his commandments.
vv11-23
Jonathan faithfully promises that he would let David know how he found his father affected towards him. It will be kindness to ourselves and to ours, to secure an interest in those whom God favours, and to make his friends ours. True friendship rests on a firm basis, and is able to silence ambition, self-love, and undue regard for others. But who can fully understand the love of Jesus, who gave himself as a sacrifice for rebellious, polluted sinners! how great then ought to be the force and effects of our love to him, to his cause, and his people!
vv24-34
None were more constant than David in attending holy duties; nor had he been absent, but self-preservation obliged him to withdraw. In great peril present opportunities for Divine ordinances may be waved. But it is bad for us, except in case of necessity, to omit any opportunity of statedly attending on them. Jonathan did wisely and well for himself and family, to secure an interest in David, yet for this he is blamed. It is good to take God's people for our people. It will prove to our advantage at last, however it may now be thought against our interest. Saul was outrageous. What savage beasts, and worse, does anger make men!
Key Words
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
בָּרַח: to bolt, i.e. figuratively, to flee suddenly
נָוִית: Navith, a place in Palestine
רָמָה: Ramah, the name of four places in Palestine
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
פָּנִים: the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)
יְהוֹנָתָן: Jehonathan, the name of four Israelites
מָה: properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and even relatively, that which); often used with prefixes in various adverbial or conjunctive senses
עָשָׂה: to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
Cross References
1 Samuel 20The original solemn covenant of friendship established between David and Jonathan.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Pentateuchal law prescribing offerings and feasting at the beginning of months (new moons).
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Ceremonial uncleanness laws explaining why Saul assumed David was absent from the feast.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Saul's repeated attempts to kill his own son and David with a javelin.
Supported by Matthew Poole
David fulfilling his covenant to show kindness to Jonathan's household through Mephibosheth.
Supported by Matthew Henry
A later reaffirmation of the oath to not cut off descendants or name.
Supported by JFB
Jonathan's earlier warning to David and attempt to reconcile him to Saul.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Mosaic mandate regulating the offerings for the burnt sacrifices on new moons.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Establishes David's family custom of sacrifices in Bethlehem under Jesse.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jonathan using the identical defense of David's innocence to Saul.
Supported by Matthew Poole
David's poetic lamentation recalling the depth of Jonathan's love for him.
Supported by JFB
Contemptuous reference to David as the 'son of Jesse' as a term of reproach.
Supported by Matthew Poole
New Testament attestation identifying Bethlehem as David's home city.
Supported by Matthew Poole