Judges14
New International Version
1Samson went down to Timnah and saw there a young Philistine woman.
2When he returned, he said to his father and mother, “I have seen a Philistine woman in Timnah; now get her for me as my wife.”
3His father and mother replied, “Isn’t there an acceptable woman among your relatives or among all our people? Must you go to the uncircumcised Philistines to get a wife?” But Samson said to his father, “Get her for me. She’s the right one for me.”
4(His parents did not know that this was from the Lord, who was seeking an occasion to confront the Philistines; for at that time they were ruling over Israel.)
5Samson went down to Timnah together with his father and mother. As they approached the vineyards of Timnah, suddenly a young lion came roaring toward him.
6The Spirit of the Lord came powerfully upon him so that he tore the lion apart with his bare hands as he might have torn a young goat. But he told neither his father nor his mother what he had done.
7Then he went down and talked with the woman, and he liked her.
8Some time later, when he went back to marry her, he turned aside to look at the lion’s carcass, and in it he saw a swarm of bees and some honey.
9He scooped out the honey with his hands and ate as he went along. When he rejoined his parents, he gave them some, and they too ate it. But he did not tell them that he had taken the honey from the lion’s carcass.
10Now his father went down to see the woman. And there Samson held a feast, as was customary for young men.
11When the people saw him, they chose thirty men to be his companions.
12“Let me tell you a riddle,” Samson said to them. “If you can give me the answer within the seven days of the feast, I will give you thirty linen garments and thirty sets of clothes.
13If you can’t tell me the answer, you must give me thirty linen garments and thirty sets of clothes.” “Tell us your riddle,” they said. “Let’s hear it.”
14He replied, “Out of the eater, something to eat; out of the strong, something sweet.” For three days they could not give the answer.
15On the fourth day, they said to Samson’s wife, “Coax your husband into explaining the riddle for us, or we will burn you and your father’s household to death. Did you invite us here to steal our property?”
16Then Samson’s wife threw herself on him, sobbing, “You hate me! You don’t really love me. You’ve given my people a riddle, but you haven’t told me the answer.” “I haven’t even explained it to my father or mother,” he replied, “so why should I explain it to you?”
17She cried the whole seven days of the feast. So on the seventh day he finally told her, because she continued to press him. She in turn explained the riddle to her people.
18Before sunset on the seventh day the men of the town said to him, “What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion?” Samson said to them, “If you had not plowed with my heifer, you would not have solved my riddle.”
19Then the Spirit of the Lord came powerfully upon him. He went down to Ashkelon, struck down thirty of their men, stripped them of everything and gave their clothes to those who had explained the riddle. Burning with anger, he returned to his father’s home.
20And Samson’s wife was given to one of his companions who had attended him at the feast.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Judges 14.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Samson desires a wife of the Philistines. (1–4). Samson kills a lion. (5–9). Samson's riddle. (10–20).
vv1-4
As far as Samson's marriage was a common case, it was weak and foolish of him to set his affections upon a daughter of the Philistines. Shall one, not only an Israelite, but a Nazarite, devoted to the Lord, covet to become one with a worshipper of Dagon? It does not appear that he had any reason to think her wise or virtuous, or any way likely to be a help meet for him; but he saw something in her agreeable to his fancy. He that, in the choice of a wife, is only guided by his eye, and governed by his fancy, must afterwards thank himself if he find a Philistine in his arms. Yet it was well done not to proceed till Samson had made his parents acquainted with the matter. Children ought not to marry, nor to move towards it, without the advice and consent of their parents. Samson's parents did well to dissuade him from yoking himself unequally with unbelievers. It seems that it pleased God to leave Samson to follow his own inclinations, intending to bring out good from his conduct; and his parents consented, because he was bent upon it. However, his example is not recorded for us to do likewise.
vv5-9
By enabling him to kill a lion, God let Samson know what he could do in the strength of the Spirit of the Lord, that he might never be afraid to look the greatest difficulties in the face. He was alone in the vineyards, whither he had rambled. Young people consider not how they exposed themselves to the roaring lion that seeks to devour, when they wander from their prudent, pious parents. Nor do men consider what lions lurk in the vineyards, the vineyards of red wines. Our Lord Jesus having conquered Satan, that roaring lion, believers, like Samson, find honey in the carcass abundant strength and satisfaction, enough for themselves, and for all their friends.
vv10-20
Samson's riddle literally meant no more than that he had got honey, for food and for pleasure, from the lion, which in its strength and fury was ready to devour him. But the victory of Christ over Satan, by means of his humiliation, agonies, and death, and the exaltation that followed to him, with the glory thence to the Father, and spiritual advantages to his people, seem directly alluded to. And even death, that devouring monster, being robbed of his sting, and stripped of his horror, forwards the soul to the realms of bliss. In these and other senses, out of the eater comes forth meat, and out of the strong, sweetness. Samson's companions obliged his wife to get the explanation from him. A worldly wife, or a worldly friend, is to a godly man as an enemy in the camp, who will watch every opportunity to betray him. No union can be comfortable or lasting, where secrets cannot be intrusted, without danger of being divulged. Satan, in his temptations, could not do us the mischief he does, if he did not plough with the heifer of our corrupt nature. His chief advantage against us arises from his correspondence with our deceitful hearts and inbred lusts. This proved an occasion of weaning Samson from his new relations. It were well for us, if the unkindness we meet with from the world, and our disappointments in it, obliged us by faith and prayer to return to our heavenly Father's house, and to rest there. See how little confidence is to be put in man. Whatever pretence of friendship may be made, a real Philistine will soon be weary of a true Israelite.
Key Words
שִׁמְשׁוֹן: Shimshon, an Israelite
יָרַד: to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to bring down (in all the above applications)
תִּמְנָה: Timnah, the name of two places in Palestine
רָאָה: to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
אִשָּׁה: a woman
בַּת: a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
פְּלִשְׁתִּי: a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth
עָלָה: to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
אֵם: a mother (as the bond of the family); in a wide sense (both literally and figuratively (like father))
Cross References
Judges 14Forbidden marriages with pagan nations, which Samson's parents rightly warned him against violating.
Supported by Matthew Poole
David's single-handed killing of a lion as preparation for public deliverance work, mirroring Samson.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Establishes the standard ancient Near Eastern custom of a seven-day wedding feast.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The initial stirring of the Spirit of the Lord on Samson leading into this encounter.
Supported by JFB
The Spirit of the Lord coming mightily on Samson to perform subsequent physical feats.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel accusation from Delilah using identical tactics to betray Samson's secrets.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Samson succumbs to persistent nagging, revealing his secret just as with his first wife.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Refers to the 'children of the bridechamber' or wedding companions accompanying the bridegroom.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Warns against trusting a spouse with secrets, illustrating the betrayal Samson experienced.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Philistines ultimately execute their threat to burn Samson's wife and her father's house.
Supported by JFB
Earlier historical mention of Timnah as a nearby geographical location.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jonathan's eating of wild forest honey, reviving his physical strength in conflict.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The direct sequel where the father-in-law explains why the wife was given to Samson's companion.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Another historical event directed by God to bring judgment, though involving human folly.
Supported by Matthew Henry