Judges14
New American Standard
1Then Samson went down to Timnah, and he saw a woman in Timnah, one of the daughters of the Philistines.
2So he came back and told his father and mother, “I saw a woman in Timnah, one of the daughters of the Philistines; so now, get her for me as a wife.”
3But his father and his mother said to him, “Is there no woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all our people, that you go to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines?” Yet Samson said to his father, “Get her for me, because she is right for me.”
4However, his father and mother did not know that this was of the Lord, for He was seeking an occasion against the Philistines. And at that time the Philistines were ruling over Israel.
5Then Samson went down to Timnah with his father and mother, and came as far as the vineyards of Timnah; and behold, a young lion came roaring toward him.
6And the Spirit of the Lord rushed upon him, so that he tore it apart as one tears apart a young goat, though he had nothing in his hand; but he did not tell his father or mother what he had done.
7So he went down and talked to the woman; and she looked pleasing to Samson.
8When he returned later to take her, he turned aside to look at the carcass of the lion; and behold, a swarm of bees and honey were in the body of the lion.
9So he took out the honey on his hands and went on, eating as he went. When he came to his father and mother, he gave some to them and they ate it; but he did not tell them that he had taken the honey out of the body of the lion.
10Then his father went down to the woman; and Samson held a feast there, for the young men customarily did this.
11When they saw him, they brought thirty companions to be with him.
12Then Samson said to them, “Let me now propose a riddle for you; if you actually tell me the answer within the seven days of the feast, and solve it, then I will give you thirty linen wraps and thirty outfits of clothes.
13But if you are unable to tell me, then you shall give me thirty linen wraps and thirty outfits of clothes.” And they said to him, “Propose your riddle, so that we may hear it.”
14So he said to them, “Out of the eater came something to eat, And out of the strong came something sweet.” But they could not tell the answer to the riddle in three days.
15Then it came about on the fourth day that they said to Samson’s wife, “Entice your husband, so that he will tell us the riddle, or we will burn you and your father’s house with fire. Have you invited us to impoverish us? Is this not so?”
16So Samson’s wife wept in front of him and said, “You only hate me, and you do not love me; you have proposed a riddle to the sons of my people, and have not told it to me.” And he said to her, “Behold, I have not told it to my father or mother; so should I tell you?”
17However she wept before him for seven days while their feast lasted. And on the seventh day he told her because she pressed him so hard. She then told the riddle to the sons of her people.
18So the men of the city said to him on the seventh day before the sun went down, “What is sweeter than honey? And what is stronger than a lion?” And he said to them, “If you had not plowed with my heifer, You would not have found out my riddle.”
19Then the Spirit of the Lord rushed upon him, and he went down to Ashkelon and killed thirty men of them and took what they were wearing and gave the outfits of clothes to those who told the riddle. And his anger burned, and he went up to his father’s house.
20But Samson’s wife was given to his companion who had been his friend.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Judges 14.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Samson desires a wife of the Philistines. (1–4). Samson kills a lion. (5–9). Samson's riddle. (10–20).
vv1-4
As far as Samson's marriage was a common case, it was weak and foolish of him to set his affections upon a daughter of the Philistines. Shall one, not only an Israelite, but a Nazarite, devoted to the Lord, covet to become one with a worshipper of Dagon? It does not appear that he had any reason to think her wise or virtuous, or any way likely to be a help meet for him; but he saw something in her agreeable to his fancy. He that, in the choice of a wife, is only guided by his eye, and governed by his fancy, must afterwards thank himself if he find a Philistine in his arms. Yet it was well done not to proceed till Samson had made his parents acquainted with the matter. Children ought not to marry, nor to move towards it, without the advice and consent of their parents. Samson's parents did well to dissuade him from yoking himself unequally with unbelievers. It seems that it pleased God to leave Samson to follow his own inclinations, intending to bring out good from his conduct; and his parents consented, because he was bent upon it. However, his example is not recorded for us to do likewise.
vv5-9
By enabling him to kill a lion, God let Samson know what he could do in the strength of the Spirit of the Lord, that he might never be afraid to look the greatest difficulties in the face. He was alone in the vineyards, whither he had rambled. Young people consider not how they exposed themselves to the roaring lion that seeks to devour, when they wander from their prudent, pious parents. Nor do men consider what lions lurk in the vineyards, the vineyards of red wines. Our Lord Jesus having conquered Satan, that roaring lion, believers, like Samson, find honey in the carcass abundant strength and satisfaction, enough for themselves, and for all their friends.
vv10-20
Samson's riddle literally meant no more than that he had got honey, for food and for pleasure, from the lion, which in its strength and fury was ready to devour him. But the victory of Christ over Satan, by means of his humiliation, agonies, and death, and the exaltation that followed to him, with the glory thence to the Father, and spiritual advantages to his people, seem directly alluded to. And even death, that devouring monster, being robbed of his sting, and stripped of his horror, forwards the soul to the realms of bliss. In these and other senses, out of the eater comes forth meat, and out of the strong, sweetness. Samson's companions obliged his wife to get the explanation from him. A worldly wife, or a worldly friend, is to a godly man as an enemy in the camp, who will watch every opportunity to betray him. No union can be comfortable or lasting, where secrets cannot be intrusted, without danger of being divulged. Satan, in his temptations, could not do us the mischief he does, if he did not plough with the heifer of our corrupt nature. His chief advantage against us arises from his correspondence with our deceitful hearts and inbred lusts. This proved an occasion of weaning Samson from his new relations. It were well for us, if the unkindness we meet with from the world, and our disappointments in it, obliged us by faith and prayer to return to our heavenly Father's house, and to rest there. See how little confidence is to be put in man. Whatever pretence of friendship may be made, a real Philistine will soon be weary of a true Israelite.
Key Words
שִׁמְשׁוֹן: Shimshon, an Israelite
יָרַד: to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to bring down (in all the above applications)
תִּמְנָה: Timnah, the name of two places in Palestine
רָאָה: to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
אִשָּׁה: a woman
בַּת: a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
פְּלִשְׁתִּי: a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth
עָלָה: to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
אֵם: a mother (as the bond of the family); in a wide sense (both literally and figuratively (like father))
Cross References
Judges 14Forbidden marriages with pagan nations, which Samson's parents rightly warned him against violating.
Supported by Matthew Poole
David's single-handed killing of a lion as preparation for public deliverance work, mirroring Samson.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Establishes the standard ancient Near Eastern custom of a seven-day wedding feast.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The initial stirring of the Spirit of the Lord on Samson leading into this encounter.
Supported by JFB
The Spirit of the Lord coming mightily on Samson to perform subsequent physical feats.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel accusation from Delilah using identical tactics to betray Samson's secrets.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Samson succumbs to persistent nagging, revealing his secret just as with his first wife.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Refers to the 'children of the bridechamber' or wedding companions accompanying the bridegroom.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Warns against trusting a spouse with secrets, illustrating the betrayal Samson experienced.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Philistines ultimately execute their threat to burn Samson's wife and her father's house.
Supported by JFB
Earlier historical mention of Timnah as a nearby geographical location.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jonathan's eating of wild forest honey, reviving his physical strength in conflict.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The direct sequel where the father-in-law explains why the wife was given to Samson's companion.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Another historical event directed by God to bring judgment, though involving human folly.
Supported by Matthew Henry