Deuteronomy22
New King James Version
1“You shall not see your brother’s ox or his sheep going astray, and hide yourself from them; you shall certainly bring them back to your brother.
2And if your brother is not near you, or if you do not know him, then you shall bring it to your own house, and it shall remain with you until your brother seeks it; then you shall restore it to him.
3You shall do the same with his donkey, and so shall you do with his garment; with any lost thing of your brother’s, which he has lost and you have found, you shall do likewise; you must not hide yourself.
4“You shall not see your brother’s donkey or his ox fall down along the road, and hide yourself from them; you shall surely help him lift them up again.
5“A woman shall not wear anything that pertains to a man, nor shall a man put on a woman’s garment, for all who do so are an abomination to the Lord your God.
6“If a bird’s nest happens to be before you along the way, in any tree or on the ground, with young ones or eggs, with the mother sitting on the young or on the eggs, you shall not take the mother with the young;
7you shall surely let the mother go, and take the young for yourself, that it may be well with you and that you may prolong your days.
8“When you build a new house, then you shall make a parapet for your roof, that you may not bring guilt of bloodshed on your household if anyone falls from it.
9“You shall not sow your vineyard with different kinds of seed, lest the yield of the seed which you have sown and the fruit of your vineyard be defiled.
10“You shall not plow with an ox and a donkey together.
11“You shall not wear a garment of different sorts, such as wool and linen mixed together.
12“You shall make tassels on the four corners of the clothing with which you cover yourself.
13“If any man takes a wife, and goes in to her, and detests her,
14and charges her with shameful conduct, and brings a bad name on her, and says, ‘I took this woman, and when I came to her I found she was not a virgin,’
15then the father and mother of the young woman shall take and bring out the evidence of the young woman’s virginity to the elders of the city at the gate.
16And the young woman’s father shall say to the elders, ‘I gave my daughter to this man as wife, and he detests her.
17Now he has charged her with shameful conduct, saying, “I found your daughter was not a virgin,” and yet these are the evidences of my daughter’s virginity.’ And they shall spread the cloth before the elders of the city.
18Then the elders of that city shall take that man and punish him;
19and they shall fine him one hundred shekels of silver and give them to the father of the young woman, because he has brought a bad name on a virgin of Israel. And she shall be his wife; he cannot divorce her all his days.
20“But if the thing is true, and evidences of virginity are not found for the young woman,
21then they shall bring out the young woman to the door of her father’s house, and the men of her city shall stone her to death with stones, because she has done a disgraceful thing in Israel, to play the harlot in her father’s house. So you shall put away the evil from among you.
22“If a man is found lying with a woman married to a husband, then both of them shall die—the man that lay with the woman, and the woman; so you shall put away the evil from Israel.
23“If a young woman who is a virgin is betrothed to a husband, and a man finds her in the city and lies with her,
24then you shall bring them both out to the gate of that city, and you shall stone them to death with stones, the young woman because she did not cry out in the city, and the man because he humbled his neighbor’s wife; so you shall put away the evil from among you.
25“But if a man finds a betrothed young woman in the countryside, and the man forces her and lies with her, then only the man who lay with her shall die.
26But you shall do nothing to the young woman; there is in the young woman no sin deserving of death, for just as when a man rises against his neighbor and kills him, even so is this matter.
27For he found her in the countryside, and the betrothed young woman cried out, but there was no one to save her.
28“If a man finds a young woman who is a virgin, who is not betrothed, and he seizes her and lies with her, and they are found out,
29then the man who lay with her shall give to the young woman’s father fifty shekels of silver, and she shall be his wife because he has humbled her; he shall not be permitted to divorce her all his days.
30“A man shall not take his father’s wife, nor uncover his father’s bed.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Deuteronomy 22.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Of humanity towards brethren. (1–4). Various precepts. (5–12). Against impurity. (13–30).
vv1-4
If we duly regard the golden rule of “doing to others as we would they should do unto us,” many particular precepts might be omitted. We can have no property in any thing that we find. Religion teaches us to be neighbourly, and to be ready to do all good offices to all men. We know not how soon we may have occasion for help.
vv5-12
God's providence extends itself to the smallest affairs, and his precepts do so, that even in them we may be in the fear of the Lord, as we are under his eye and care. Yet the tendency of these laws, which seem little, is such, that being found among the things of God's law, they are to be accounted great things. If we would prove ourselves to be God's people, we must have respect to his will and to his glory, and not to the vain fashions of the world. Even in putting on our garments, as in eating or in drinking, all must be done with a serious regard to preserve our own and others' purity in heart and actions. Our eye should be single, our heart simple, and our behaviour all of a piece.
vv13-30
These and the like regulations might be needful then, and yet it is not necessary that we should curiously examine respecting them. The laws relate to the seventh commandment, laying a restraint upon fleshly lusts which war against the soul.
Key Words
לֹא: not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
רָאָה: to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
אָח: a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance (like father))
שׁוֹר: a bullock (as a traveller)
שֶׂה: a member of a flock, i.e. a sheep or goat
נָדַח: to push off; used in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively (to expel, mislead, strike, inflict, etc.)
עָלַם: to veil from sight, i.e. conceal (literally or figuratively)
שׁוּב: to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again
אִם: used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
קָרוֹב: near (in place, kindred or time)
Cross References
Deuteronomy 22Parallels the command to return lost animals, specifically extending the duty even to an enemy's beast.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct parallel forbidding mixtures of seeds, livestock breeding, and blended garments.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Direct parallel command to assist in lifting up a fallen animal belonging to another.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The primary institutional command to make fringes on the borders of garments.
Supported by JFB
Parallel prohibition against uncovering the nakedness of a father's wife.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Prophetic condemnation of those clothed with strange apparel, echoing the prohibition of unnatural clothing.
Supported by JFB
New Testament moral/spiritual application of not being unequally yoked (plowing with different beasts).
Supported by JFB
The Levitical law prescribing the death penalty for both partners in adultery.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Illustrates Jewish betrothal custom where Mary was espoused to Joseph before they came together.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The formal curse pronounced upon anyone who lies with his father's wife.
Supported by Matthew Henry
New Testament correction of incest involving a man taking his father's wife.
Supported by Matthew Henry
New Testament discussion on maintaining natural, gender-distinct hair and head coverings in worship.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Historical example of walking on a flat roof, highlighting the necessity of battlements.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Pharisees cite this Mosaic stoning penalty in the case of the woman caught in adultery.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel law regarding the seduction of an unbetrothed virgin and financial restitution.
Supported by Matthew Henry