Lamentations 1NKJV
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Lamentations1

New King James Version

1How lonely sits the city That was full of people! How like a widow is she, Who was great among the nations! The princess among the provinces Has become a slave!

2She weeps bitterly in the night, Her tears are on her cheeks; Among all her lovers She has none to comfort her. All her friends have dealt treacherously with her; They have become her enemies.

3Judah has gone into captivity, Under affliction and hard servitude; She dwells among the nations, She finds no rest; All her persecutors overtake her in dire straits.

4The roads to Zion mourn Because no one comes to the set feasts. All her gates are desolate; Her priests sigh, Her virgins are afflicted, And she is in bitterness.

5Her adversaries have become the master, Her enemies prosper; For the Lord has afflicted her Because of the multitude of her transgressions. Her children have gone into captivity before the enemy.

6And from the daughter of Zion All her splendor has departed. Her princes have become like deer That find no pasture, That flee without strength Before the pursuer.

7In the days of her affliction and roaming, Jerusalem remembers all her pleasant things That she had in the days of old. When her people fell into the hand of the enemy, With no one to help her, The adversaries saw her And mocked at her downfall.

8Jerusalem has sinned gravely, Therefore she has become vile. All who honored her despise her Because they have seen her nakedness; Yes, she sighs and turns away.

9Her uncleanness is in her skirts; She did not consider her destiny; Therefore her collapse was awesome; She had no comforter. “O Lord, behold my affliction, For the enemy is exalted!”

10The adversary has spread his hand Over all her pleasant things; For she has seen the nations enter her sanctuary, Those whom You commanded Not to enter Your assembly.

11All her people sigh, They seek bread; They have given their valuables for food to restore life. “See, O Lord, and consider, For I am scorned.”

12“Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by? Behold and see If there is any sorrow like my sorrow, Which has been brought on me, Which the Lord has inflicted In the day of His fierce anger.

13“From above He has sent fire into my bones, And it overpowered them; He has spread a net for my feet And turned me back; He has made me desolate And faint all the day.

14“The yoke of my transgressions was bound; They were woven together by His hands, And thrust upon my neck. He made my strength fail; The Lord delivered me into the hands of those whom I am not able to withstand.

15“The Lord has trampled underfoot all my mighty men in my midst; He has called an assembly against me To crush my young men; The Lord trampled as in a winepress The virgin daughter of Judah.

16“For these things I weep; My eye, my eye overflows with water; Because the comforter, who should restore my life, Is far from me. My children are desolate Because the enemy prevailed.”

17Zion spreads out her hands, But no one comforts her; The Lord has commanded concerning Jacob That those around him become his adversaries; Jerusalem has become an unclean thing among them.

18“The Lord is righteous, For I rebelled against His commandment. Hear now, all peoples, And behold my sorrow; My virgins and my young men Have gone into captivity.

19“I called for my lovers, But they deceived me; My priests and my elders Breathed their last in the city, While they sought food To restore their life.

20“See, O Lord, that I am in distress; My soul is troubled; My heart is overturned within me, For I have been very rebellious. Outside the sword bereaves, At home it is like death.

21“They have heard that I sigh, But no one comforts me. All my enemies have heard of my trouble; They are glad that You have done it. Bring on the day You have announced, That they may become like me.

22“Let all their wickedness come before You, And do to them as You have done to me For all my transgressions; For my sighs are many, And my heart is faint.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Lamentations 1.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The miserable state of Jerusalem, the just consequences of its sins. (1-11). Jerusalem represented as a captive female, lamenting, and seeking the mercy of God. (12-22).

vv1-11

The prophet sometimes speaks in his own person; at other times Jerusalem, as a distressed female, is the speaker, or some of the Jews. The description shows the miseries of the Jewish nation. Jerusalem became a captive and a slave, by reason of the greatness of her sins; and had no rest from suffering. If we allow sin, our greatest adversary, to have dominion over us, justly will other enemies also be suffered to have dominion. The people endured the extremities of famine and distress. In this sad condition Jerusalem acknowledged her sin, and entreated the Lord to look upon her case. This is the only way to make ourselves easy under our burdens; for it is the just anger of the Lord for man's transgressions, that has filled the earth with sorrows, lamentations, sickness, and death.

vv12-22

Jerusalem, sitting dejected on the ground, calls on those that passed by, to consider whether her example did not concern them. Her outward sufferings were great, but her inward sufferings were harder to bear, through the sense of guilt. Sorrow for sin must be great sorrow, and must affect the soul. Here we see the evil of sin, and may take warning to flee from the wrath to come. Whatever may be learned from the sufferings of Jerusalem, far more may be learned from the sufferings of Christ. Does he not from the cross speak to every one of us? Does he not say, Is it nothing to you, all ye that pass by? Let all our sorrows lead us to the cross of Christ, lead us to mark his example, and cheerfully to follow him.

Cross References

Lamentations 1
v5Deuteronomy 28:43fulfillment

Directly fulfills covenant curse of Deuteronomy 28:43; adversaries rise above Israel and become the chief.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Judah dwelling among the heathen finding no rest fulfills Moses' warning in Deuteronomy.

Supported by JFB

v10Deuteronomy 23:3allusion

Alludes to the exclusion of Ammonites/Moabites from entering God's congregation, now violated by invaders.

Supported by JFB

v3Jeremiah 34:17thematic

Refers to the illegal retention of Hebrew slaves as a cause of judgment/captivity.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v5Jeremiah 30:15thematic

Affirms that God Himself delivered Judah because of her manifold sins and transgressions.

Supported by JFB

v81 Kings 8:46thematic

Reflects Solomon's prophetic warning of captivity because of Israel's inevitable sins.

Supported by JFB

v8Leviticus 15:19typology

Jerusalem compared to a legally unclean, menstruous woman, signifying her moral and ceremonial impurity.

Supported by JFB

Matches Deuteronomy's lament that Israel would fail to consider her latter/last end.

Supported by JFB

v11 Kings 4:21contrast

Contrasts Jerusalem's current tributary status with her former dominion under David and Solomon.

Supported by JFB

v1Psalms 132:14contrast

Contrasts God's promise of eternal rest in Jerusalem with her actual desolation.

Supported by John Calvin

v2Jeremiah 13:17thematic

Parallels Jeremiah's secret weeping day and night for the Lord's captive flock.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Jeremiah 30:14thematic

Judah's political allies (lovers) have abandoned and betrayed her in her distress.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Points to the overarching fulfillment of the Levitical and Deuteronomic covenant curses.

Supported by John Calvin

Illustrates the posture of sitting on the ground as a sign of deep mourning.

Supported by JFB

v112 Kings 6:25thematic

Parallels the extreme, desperate measures taken to secure physical sustenance during famine.

Supported by JFB