Lamentations 1NIV
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Lamentations1

New International Version

1How deserted lies the city, once so full of people! How like a widow is she, who once was great among the nations! She who was queen among the provinces has now become a slave.

2Bitterly she weeps at night, tears are on her cheeks. Among all her lovers there is no one to comfort her. All her friends have betrayed her; they have become her enemies.

3After affliction and harsh labor, Judah has gone into exile. She dwells among the nations; she finds no resting place. All who pursue her have overtaken her in the midst of her distress.

4The roads to Zion mourn, for no one comes to her appointed festivals. All her gateways are desolate, her priests groan, her young women grieve, and she is in bitter anguish.

5Her foes have become her masters; her enemies are at ease. The Lord has brought her grief because of her many sins. Her children have gone into exile, captive before the foe.

6All the splendor has departed from Daughter Zion. Her princes are like deer that find no pasture; in weakness they have fled before the pursuer.

7In the days of her affliction and wandering Jerusalem remembers all the treasures that were hers in days of old. When her people fell into enemy hands, there was no one to help her. Her enemies looked at her and laughed at her destruction.

8Jerusalem has sinned greatly and so has become unclean. All who honored her despise her, for they have all seen her naked; she herself groans and turns away.

9Her filthiness clung to her skirts; she did not consider her future. Her fall was astounding; there was none to comfort her. “Look, Lord, on my affliction, for the enemy has triumphed.”

10The enemy laid hands on all her treasures; she saw pagan nations enter her sanctuary— those you had forbidden to enter your assembly.

11All her people groan as they search for bread; they barter their treasures for food to keep themselves alive. “Look, Lord, and consider, for I am despised.”

12“Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by? Look around and see. Is any suffering like my suffering that was inflicted on me, that the Lord brought on me in the day of his fierce anger?

13“From on high he sent fire, sent it down into my bones. He spread a net for my feet and turned me back. He made me desolate, faint all the day long.

14“My sins have been bound into a yoke; by his hands they were woven together. They have been hung on my neck, and the Lord has sapped my strength. He has given me into the hands of those I cannot withstand.

15“The Lord has rejected all the warriors in my midst; he has summoned an army against me to crush my young men. In his winepress the Lord has trampled Virgin Daughter Judah.

16“This is why I weep and my eyes overflow with tears. No one is near to comfort me, no one to restore my spirit. My children are destitute because the enemy has prevailed.”

17Zion stretches out her hands, but there is no one to comfort her. The Lord has decreed for Jacob that his neighbors become his foes; Jerusalem has become an unclean thing among them.

18“The Lord is righteous, yet I rebelled against his command. Listen, all you peoples; look on my suffering. My young men and young women have gone into exile.

19“I called to my allies but they betrayed me. My priests and my elders perished in the city while they searched for food to keep themselves alive.

20“See, Lord, how distressed I am! I am in torment within, and in my heart I am disturbed, for I have been most rebellious. Outside, the sword bereaves; inside, there is only death.

21“People have heard my groaning, but there is no one to comfort me. All my enemies have heard of my distress; they rejoice at what you have done. May you bring the day you have announced so they may become like me.

22“Let all their wickedness come before you; deal with them as you have dealt with me because of all my sins. My groans are many and my heart is faint.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Lamentations 1.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The miserable state of Jerusalem, the just consequences of its sins. (1-11). Jerusalem represented as a captive female, lamenting, and seeking the mercy of God. (12-22).

vv1-11

The prophet sometimes speaks in his own person; at other times Jerusalem, as a distressed female, is the speaker, or some of the Jews. The description shows the miseries of the Jewish nation. Jerusalem became a captive and a slave, by reason of the greatness of her sins; and had no rest from suffering. If we allow sin, our greatest adversary, to have dominion over us, justly will other enemies also be suffered to have dominion. The people endured the extremities of famine and distress. In this sad condition Jerusalem acknowledged her sin, and entreated the Lord to look upon her case. This is the only way to make ourselves easy under our burdens; for it is the just anger of the Lord for man's transgressions, that has filled the earth with sorrows, lamentations, sickness, and death.

vv12-22

Jerusalem, sitting dejected on the ground, calls on those that passed by, to consider whether her example did not concern them. Her outward sufferings were great, but her inward sufferings were harder to bear, through the sense of guilt. Sorrow for sin must be great sorrow, and must affect the soul. Here we see the evil of sin, and may take warning to flee from the wrath to come. Whatever may be learned from the sufferings of Jerusalem, far more may be learned from the sufferings of Christ. Does he not from the cross speak to every one of us? Does he not say, Is it nothing to you, all ye that pass by? Let all our sorrows lead us to the cross of Christ, lead us to mark his example, and cheerfully to follow him.

Cross References

Lamentations 1
v5Deuteronomy 28:43fulfillment

Directly fulfills covenant curse of Deuteronomy 28:43; adversaries rise above Israel and become the chief.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Judah dwelling among the heathen finding no rest fulfills Moses' warning in Deuteronomy.

Supported by JFB

v10Deuteronomy 23:3allusion

Alludes to the exclusion of Ammonites/Moabites from entering God's congregation, now violated by invaders.

Supported by JFB

v3Jeremiah 34:17thematic

Refers to the illegal retention of Hebrew slaves as a cause of judgment/captivity.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v5Jeremiah 30:15thematic

Affirms that God Himself delivered Judah because of her manifold sins and transgressions.

Supported by JFB

v81 Kings 8:46thematic

Reflects Solomon's prophetic warning of captivity because of Israel's inevitable sins.

Supported by JFB

v8Leviticus 15:19typology

Jerusalem compared to a legally unclean, menstruous woman, signifying her moral and ceremonial impurity.

Supported by JFB

Matches Deuteronomy's lament that Israel would fail to consider her latter/last end.

Supported by JFB

v11 Kings 4:21contrast

Contrasts Jerusalem's current tributary status with her former dominion under David and Solomon.

Supported by JFB

v1Psalms 132:14contrast

Contrasts God's promise of eternal rest in Jerusalem with her actual desolation.

Supported by John Calvin

v2Jeremiah 13:17thematic

Parallels Jeremiah's secret weeping day and night for the Lord's captive flock.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Jeremiah 30:14thematic

Judah's political allies (lovers) have abandoned and betrayed her in her distress.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Points to the overarching fulfillment of the Levitical and Deuteronomic covenant curses.

Supported by John Calvin

Illustrates the posture of sitting on the ground as a sign of deep mourning.

Supported by JFB

v112 Kings 6:25thematic

Parallels the extreme, desperate measures taken to secure physical sustenance during famine.

Supported by JFB