Judges18
World English Bible · Public Domain
1In those days there was no king in Israel. In those days the tribe of the Danites sought an inheritance to dwell in; for to that day, their inheritance had not fallen to them among the tribes of Israel.
2The children of Dan sent five men of their family from their whole number, men of valor, from Zorah and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land and to search it. They said to them, “Go, explore the land!” They came to the hill country of Ephraim, to the house of Micah, and lodged there.
3When they were by the house of Micah, they knew the voice of the young man the Levite; so they went over there and said to him, “Who brought you here? What do you do in this place? What do you have here?”
4He said to them, “Thus and thus has Micah dealt with me, and he has hired me, and I have become his priest.”
5They said to him, “Please ask counsel of God, that we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperous.”
6The priest said to them, “Go in peace. Your way in which you go is before Yahweh.”
7Then the five men departed and came to Laish and saw the people who were there, how they lived in safety, in the way of the Sidonians, quiet and secure; for there was no one in the land possessing authority, that might put them to shame in anything, and they were far from the Sidonians, and had no dealings with anyone else.
8They came to their brothers at Zorah and Eshtaol; and their brothers asked them, “What do you say?”
9They said, “Arise, and let’s go up against them; for we have seen the land, and behold, it is very good. Do you stand still? Don’t be slothful to go and to enter in to possess the land.
10When you go, you will come to an unsuspecting people, and the land is large; for God has given it into your hand, a place where there is no lack of anything that is in the earth.”
11The family of the Danites set out from Zorah and Eshtaol with six hundred men armed with weapons of war.
12They went up and encamped in Kiriath Jearim in Judah. Therefore they call that place Mahaneh Dan to this day. Behold, it is behind Kiriath Jearim.
13They passed from there to the hill country of Ephraim, and came to the house of Micah.
14Then the five men who went to spy out the country of Laish answered and said to their brothers, “Do you know that there is in these houses an ephod, and teraphim, and a carved image, and a molten image? Now therefore consider what you have to do.”
15They went over there and came to the house of the young Levite man, even to the house of Micah, and asked him how he was doing.
16The six hundred men armed with their weapons of war, who were of the children of Dan, stood by the entrance of the gate.
17The five men who went to spy out the land went up, and came in there, and took the engraved image, the ephod, the teraphim, and the molten image; and the priest stood by the entrance of the gate with the six hundred men armed with weapons of war.
18When these went into Micah’s house, and took the engraved image, the ephod, the teraphim, and the molten image, the priest said to them, “What are you doing?”
19They said to him, “Hold your peace, put your hand on your mouth, and go with us. Be a father and a priest to us. Is it better for you to be priest to the house of one man, or to be priest to a tribe and a family in Israel?”
20The priest’s heart was glad, and he took the ephod, the teraphim, and the engraved image, and went with the people.
21So they turned and departed, and put the little ones, the livestock, and the goods before them.
22When they were a good way from the house of Micah, the men who were in the houses near Micah’s house gathered together and overtook the children of Dan.
23As they called to the children of Dan, they turned their faces, and said to Micah, “What ails you, that you come with such a company?”
24He said, “You have taken away my gods which I made, and the priest, and have gone away! What more do I have? How can you ask me, ‘What ails you?’”
25The children of Dan said to him, “Don’t let your voice be heard among us, lest angry fellows fall on you, and you lose your life, with the lives of your household.”
26The children of Dan went their way; and when Micah saw that they were too strong for him, he turned and went back to his house.
27They took that which Micah had made, and the priest whom he had, and came to Laish, to a people quiet and unsuspecting, and struck them with the edge of the sword; then they burned the city with fire.
28There was no deliverer, because it was far from Sidon, and they had no dealings with anyone else; and it was in the valley that lies by Beth Rehob. They built the city and lived in it.
29They called the name of the city Dan, after the name of Dan their father, who was born to Israel; however the name of the city used to be Laish.
30The children of Dan set up for themselves the engraved image; and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Moses, and his sons were priests to the tribe of the Danites until the day of the captivity of the land.
31So they set up for themselves Micah’s engraved image which he made, and it remained all the time that God’s house was in Shiloh.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Judges 18.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The Danites seek to enlarge their inheritance, and rob Micah. (1-31).
vv1-31
The Danites determined to take Micah's gods with them. Oh the folly of these Danites! How could they imagine those gods should protect them, that could not keep themselves from being stolen! To take them for their own use, was a double crime; it showed they neither feared God, nor regarded man, but were lost both to godliness and honesty. What a folly was it for Micah to call those his gods, which he had made, when He only is to be worshipped by us as God, that made us! That is put in God's place, which we are concerned about, as if our all were bound up in it. If people will walk in the name of their false gods, much more should we love and serve the true God!
Key Words
יוֹם: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
מֶלֶךְ: a king
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
שֵׁבֶט: a scion, i.e. (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan
דָּנִי: a Danite (often collectively) or descendants (or inhabitants) of Dan
בָּקַשׁ: to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after
נַחֲלָה: properly, something inherited, i.e. (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion
יָשַׁב: properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
תָּוֶךְ: a bisection, i.e. (by implication) the centre
נָפַל: to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
Cross References
Judges 18Laish is called Leshem in Joshua's allotment; records the Danite conquest of this northern territory.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Echoes the refrain 'no king in Israel' to explain the resulting spiritual and civil lawlessness.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explains why Dan lacked inheritance: the Amorites forced them into the mountain, preventing possession.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Shiloh was the authorized location of the Tabernacle, contrasting with Dan's rival idolatrous sanctuary.
Supported by JFB
The spies recognize the Levite's distinct regional dialect or pronunciation.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Danites use Micah's exact hire terms, offering the Levite to be 'a father and a priest'.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels Micah's ridiculous complaint with Laban's search for his stolen household gods.
Supported by JFB
A false prophet's sign coming to pass to test the people's loyalty to Yahweh.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies the origin of 'Mahaneh-dan' (the camp of Dan) between Zorah and Eshtaol.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Like Balaam, the Levite's glad heart illustrates a mercenary priest loving the wages of unrighteousness.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Identifies the 'captivity of the land' with the Philistine capture of the Ark at Shiloh.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The spies list the specific idolatrous items Micah had fabricated in the previous chapter.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Fulfills Jacob's prophecy of Dan as a serpent by the way, biting the horse's heels.
Supported by JFB
Repeats that Laish was quiet and secure before their sudden, tragic destruction.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB