Judges18
New International Version
1 In those days Israel had no king. And in those days the tribe of the Danites was seeking a place of their own where they might settle, because they had not yet come into an inheritance among the tribes of Israel.
2 So the Danites sent five of their leading men from Zorah and Eshtaol to spy out the land and explore it. These men represented all the Danites. They told them, “Go, explore the land.” So they entered the hill country of Ephraim and came to the house of Micah, where they spent the night.
3 When they were near Micah’s house, they recognized the voice of the young Levite; so they turned in there and asked him, “Who brought you here? What are you doing in this place? Why are you here?”
4 He told them what Micah had done for him, and said, “He has hired me and I am his priest.”
5 Then they said to him, “Please inquire of God to learn whether our journey will be successful.”
6 The priest answered them, “Go in peace. Your journey has the Lord’s approval.”
7 So the five men left and came to Laish, where they saw that the people were living in safety, like the Sidonians, at peace and secure. And since their land lacked nothing, they were prosperous. Also, they lived a long way from the Sidonians and had no relationship with anyone else.
8 When they returned to Zorah and Eshtaol, their fellow Danites asked them, “How did you find things?”
9 They answered, “Come on, let’s attack them! We have seen the land, and it is very good. Aren’t you going to do something? Don’t hesitate to go there and take it over.
10 When you get there, you will find an unsuspecting people and a spacious land that God has put into your hands, a land that lacks nothing whatever.”
11 Then six hundred men of the Danites, armed for battle, set out from Zorah and Eshtaol.
12 On their way they set up camp near Kiriath Jearim in Judah. This is why the place west of Kiriath Jearim is called Mahaneh Dan to this day.
13 From there they went on to the hill country of Ephraim and came to Micah’s house.
14 Then the five men who had spied out the land of Laish said to their fellow Danites, “Do you know that one of these houses has an ephod, some household gods and an image overlaid with silver? Now you know what to do.”
15 So they turned in there and went to the house of the young Levite at Micah’s place and greeted him.
16 The six hundred Danites, armed for battle, stood at the entrance of the gate.
17 The five men who had spied out the land went inside and took the idol, the ephod and the household gods while the priest and the six hundred armed men stood at the entrance of the gate.
18 When the five men went into Micah’s house and took the idol, the ephod and the household gods, the priest said to them, “What are you doing?”
19 They answered him, “Be quiet! Don’t say a word. Come with us, and be our father and priest. Isn’t it better that you serve a tribe and clan in Israel as priest rather than just one man’s household?”
20 The priest was very pleased. He took the ephod, the household gods and the idol and went along with the people.
21 Putting their little children, their livestock and their possessions in front of them, they turned away and left.
22 When they had gone some distance from Micah’s house, the men who lived near Micah were called together and overtook the Danites.
23 As they shouted after them, the Danites turned and said to Micah, “What’s the matter with you that you called out your men to fight?”
24 He replied, “You took the gods I made, and my priest, and went away. What else do I have? How can you ask, ‘What’s the matter with you?’”
25 The Danites answered, “Don’t argue with us, or some of the men may get angry and attack you, and you and your family will lose your lives.”
26 So the Danites went their way, and Micah, seeing that they were too strong for him, turned around and went back home.
27 Then they took what Micah had made, and his priest, and went on to Laish, against a people at peace and secure. They attacked them with the sword and burned down their city.
28 There was no one to rescue them because they lived a long way from Sidon and had no relationship with anyone else. The city was in a valley near Beth Rehob. The Danites rebuilt the city and settled there.
29 They named it Dan after their ancestor Dan, who was born to Israel—though the city used to be called Laish.
30 There the Danites set up for themselves the idol, and Jonathan son of Gershom, the son of Moses, and his sons were priests for the tribe of Dan until the time of the captivity of the land.
31 They continued to use the idol Micah had made, all the time the house of God was in Shiloh.
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Judges 18Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Judges 18. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The Danites seek to enlarge their inheritance, and rob Micah. (1-31).
vv1-31
The Danites determined to take Micah's gods with them. Oh the folly of these Danites! How could they imagine those gods should protect them, that could not keep themselves from being stolen! To take them for their own use, was a double crime; it showed they neither feared God, nor regarded man, but were lost both to godliness and honesty. What a folly was it for Micah to call those his gods, which he had made, when He only is to be worshipped by us as God, that made us! That is put in God's place, which we are concerned about, as if our all were bound up in it. If people will walk in the name of their false gods, much more should we love and serve the true God!
Key Words
יוֹם: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
מֶלֶךְ: a king
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
שֵׁבֶט: a scion, i.e. (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan
דָּנִי: a Danite (often collectively) or descendants (or inhabitants) of Dan
בָּקַשׁ: to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after
נַחֲלָה: properly, something inherited, i.e. (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion
יָשַׁב: properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
תָּוֶךְ: a bisection, i.e. (by implication) the centre
נָפַל: to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
Cross References
Judges 18Laish is called Leshem in Joshua's allotment; records the Danite conquest of this northern territory.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Echoes the refrain 'no king in Israel' to explain the resulting spiritual and civil lawlessness.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explains why Dan lacked inheritance: the Amorites forced them into the mountain, preventing possession.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Shiloh was the authorized location of the Tabernacle, contrasting with Dan's rival idolatrous sanctuary.
Supported by JFB
The spies recognize the Levite's distinct regional dialect or pronunciation.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Danites use Micah's exact hire terms, offering the Levite to be 'a father and a priest'.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels Micah's ridiculous complaint with Laban's search for his stolen household gods.
Supported by JFB
A false prophet's sign coming to pass to test the people's loyalty to Yahweh.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies the origin of 'Mahaneh-dan' (the camp of Dan) between Zorah and Eshtaol.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Like Balaam, the Levite's glad heart illustrates a mercenary priest loving the wages of unrighteousness.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Identifies the 'captivity of the land' with the Philistine capture of the Ark at Shiloh.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The spies list the specific idolatrous items Micah had fabricated in the previous chapter.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Fulfills Jacob's prophecy of Dan as a serpent by the way, biting the horse's heels.
Supported by JFB
Repeats that Laish was quiet and secure before their sudden, tragic destruction.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB