Ruth4
English Standard Version
1Now had to the and . And , the , of whom had , came . So Boaz , Turn , ; . And he and .
2And he of the of the and , . So they .
3Then he to the , , who has come from the of , is the of that belonged to our .
4So I I would you of it and , it in the of those here and in the of the of my . you will it, it. But you will not, me, that I may , for is besides you to it, and I come you. And he , I will it.
5Then , The you the from the of , you also the , the of the , in order to the of the in his .
6Then the , I it for myself, lest I my own . my right of yourself, for I it.
7Now was the custom in in and : to a , the his and it to the , and this was the manner of in .
8So when the to , it for yourself, he his .
9Then to the and all the , You are this that I have from the of all that belonged to and all that belonged to and to .
10Also the , the of , I have to be my , to the of the in his , that the of the may not be from his and from the of his . You are this .
11Then all the who were at the and the , We are . May the Lord the , who is into your , like and , who the of . May you in and be in ,
12and may your be like the of , whom to , because of the that the Lord will you by this .
13So , and she became his . And he to her, and the Lord her , and she a .
14Then the to , be the Lord, who has not you this without a , and may his be in !
15He shall be to you a of and a of your , for your who you, who is to you than , has given to him.
16Then the and him on her and became his .
17And the women of the him a , , A has been to . They . He was the of , the of .
18Now these are the of : ,
19 , ,
20 , ,
21 , ,
22 , and .
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ruth 4.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The kinsman refuses to redeem Ruth's inheritance. (1–8). Boaz marries Ruth. (9–12). Birth of Obed. (13–22).
vv1-8
This matter depended on the laws given by Moses about inheritances, and doubtless the whole was settled in the regular and legal manner. This kinsman, when he heard the conditions of the bargain, refused it. In like manner many are shy of the great redemption; they are not willing to espouse religion; they have heard well of it, and have nothing to say against it; they will give it their good word, but they are willing to part with it, and cannot be bound to it, for fear of marring their own inheritance in this world. The right was resigned to Boaz. Fair and open dealing in all matters of contract and trade, is what all must make conscience of, who would approve themselves true Israelites, without guile. Honesty will be found the best policy.
vv9-12
Men are ready to seize opportunities for increasing their estates, but few know the value of godliness. Such are the wise men of this world, whom the Lord charges with folly. They attend not to the concerns of their souls, but reject the salvation of Christ, for fear of marring their inheritance. But God did Boaz the honour to bring him into the line of the Messiah, while the kinsman, who was afraid of lessening himself, and marring his inheritance, has his name, family, and inheritance forgotten.
vv13-22
Ruth bore a son, through whom thousands and myriads were born to God; and in being the lineal ancestor of Christ, she was instrumental in the happiness of all that shall be saved by him; even of us Gentiles, as well as those of Jewish descent. She was a witness for God to the Gentile world, that he had not utterly forsaken them, but that in due time they should become one with his chosen people, and partake of his salvation. Prayer to God attended the marriage, and praise to him attended the birth of the child. What a pity it is that pious language should not be more used among Christians, or that it should be let fall into formality! Here is the descent of David from Ruth. And the period came when Bethlehem-Judah displayed greater wonders than those in the history of Ruth, when the outcast babe of another forlorn female of the same race appeared, controlling the counsels of the Roman master of the world, and drawing princes and wise men from the east, with treasures of gold, and frankincense, and myrrh to his feet. His name shall endure for ever, and all nations shall call Him blessed. In that Seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed.
Key Words
בֹּעַז: Boaz, the ancestor of David; also the name of a pillar in front of the temple
עָלָה: to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
שַׁעַר: an opening, i.e. door or gate
יָשַׁב: properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
שָׁם: there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
הִנֵּה: lo!
גָּאַל: to be the next of kin (and as such to buy back a relative's property, marry his widow, etc.)
דָבַר: perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
עָבַר: to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in copulation)
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
Cross References
Ruth 4The Mosaic law requiring a brother or near kinsman to marry the widow and raise offspring.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
New Testament citation of the levirate marriage law referenced by Boaz.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The legal ceremony of plucking off the shoe to symbolize relinquishing redemption rights.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The ancient Israelite practice of assembling ten elders for weighty legal transactions.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Levitical law regulating the redemption of land sold due to poverty.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The birth of Pharez, the ancestor of the Bethlehemite clan mentioned in the elders' blessing.
Supported by JFB
Traces the lineage of Pharez to Christ, fulfilling the genealogy recorded here.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Traces Salmon, Boaz, Obed, and Jesse directly into the messianic genealogy of Jesus.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Identifies Jesse and David, concluding the genealogy and establishing the royal line.
Supported by JFB
Transactions conducted publicly at the city gate before all who enter.
Supported by JFB
The famous prophecy concerning Bethlehem Ephratah, home of Boaz and ultimate birthplace of Messiah.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the genealogy of Judah's descendants through Pharez.
Supported by JFB
Traces the ancestry of Jesus through Jesse, Obed, and Boaz.
Supported by Matthew Henry