Ruth4
New Living Translation
1Boaz went to the town gate and took a seat there. Just then the family redeemer he had mentioned came by, so Boaz called out to him, “Come over here and sit down, friend. I want to talk to you.” So they sat down together.
2Then Boaz called ten leaders from the town and asked them to sit as witnesses.
3And Boaz said to the family redeemer, “You know Naomi, who came back from Moab. She is selling the land that belonged to our relative Elimelech.
4I thought I should speak to you about it so that you can redeem it if you wish. If you want the land, then buy it here in the presence of these witnesses. But if you don’t want it, let me know right away, because I am next in line to redeem it after you.” The man replied, “All right, I’ll redeem it.”
5Then Boaz told him, “Of course, your purchase of the land from Naomi also requires that you marry Ruth, the Moabite widow. That way she can have children who will carry on her husband’s name and keep the land in the family.”
6“Then I can’t redeem it,” the family redeemer replied, “because this might endanger my own estate. You redeem the land; I cannot do it.”
7Now in those days it was the custom in Israel for anyone transferring a right of purchase to remove his sandal and hand it to the other party. This publicly validated the transaction.
8So the other family redeemer drew off his sandal as he said to Boaz, “You buy the land.”
9Then Boaz said to the elders and to the crowd standing around, “You are witnesses that today I have bought from Naomi all the property of Elimelech, Kilion, and Mahlon.
10And with the land I have acquired Ruth, the Moabite widow of Mahlon, to be my wife. This way she can have a son to carry on the family name of her dead husband and to inherit the family property here in his hometown. You are all witnesses today.”
11Then the elders and all the people standing in the gate replied, “We are witnesses! May the Lord make this woman who is coming into your home like Rachel and Leah, from whom all the nation of Israel descended! May you prosper in Ephrathah and be famous in Bethlehem.
12And may the Lord give you descendants by this young woman who will be like those of our ancestor Perez, the son of Tamar and Judah.”
13So Boaz took Ruth into his home, and she became his wife. When he slept with her, the Lord enabled her to become pregnant, and she gave birth to a son.
14Then the women of the town said to Naomi, “Praise the Lord, who has now provided a redeemer for your family! May this child be famous in Israel.
15May he restore your youth and care for you in your old age. For he is the son of your daughter-in-law who loves you and has been better to you than seven sons!”
16Naomi took the baby and cuddled him to her breast. And she cared for him as if he were her own.
17The neighbor women said, “Now at last Naomi has a son again!” And they named him Obed. He became the father of Jesse and the grandfather of David.
18This is the genealogical record of their ancestor Perez: Perez was the father of Hezron.
19Hezron was the father of Ram. Ram was the father of Amminadab.
20Amminadab was the father of Nahshon. Nahshon was the father of Salmon.
21Salmon was the father of Boaz. Boaz was the father of Obed.
22Obed was the father of Jesse. Jesse was the father of David.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ruth 4.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The kinsman refuses to redeem Ruth's inheritance. (1–8). Boaz marries Ruth. (9–12). Birth of Obed. (13–22).
vv1-8
This matter depended on the laws given by Moses about inheritances, and doubtless the whole was settled in the regular and legal manner. This kinsman, when he heard the conditions of the bargain, refused it. In like manner many are shy of the great redemption; they are not willing to espouse religion; they have heard well of it, and have nothing to say against it; they will give it their good word, but they are willing to part with it, and cannot be bound to it, for fear of marring their own inheritance in this world. The right was resigned to Boaz. Fair and open dealing in all matters of contract and trade, is what all must make conscience of, who would approve themselves true Israelites, without guile. Honesty will be found the best policy.
vv9-12
Men are ready to seize opportunities for increasing their estates, but few know the value of godliness. Such are the wise men of this world, whom the Lord charges with folly. They attend not to the concerns of their souls, but reject the salvation of Christ, for fear of marring their inheritance. But God did Boaz the honour to bring him into the line of the Messiah, while the kinsman, who was afraid of lessening himself, and marring his inheritance, has his name, family, and inheritance forgotten.
vv13-22
Ruth bore a son, through whom thousands and myriads were born to God; and in being the lineal ancestor of Christ, she was instrumental in the happiness of all that shall be saved by him; even of us Gentiles, as well as those of Jewish descent. She was a witness for God to the Gentile world, that he had not utterly forsaken them, but that in due time they should become one with his chosen people, and partake of his salvation. Prayer to God attended the marriage, and praise to him attended the birth of the child. What a pity it is that pious language should not be more used among Christians, or that it should be let fall into formality! Here is the descent of David from Ruth. And the period came when Bethlehem-Judah displayed greater wonders than those in the history of Ruth, when the outcast babe of another forlorn female of the same race appeared, controlling the counsels of the Roman master of the world, and drawing princes and wise men from the east, with treasures of gold, and frankincense, and myrrh to his feet. His name shall endure for ever, and all nations shall call Him blessed. In that Seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed.
Key Words
בֹּעַז: Boaz, the ancestor of David; also the name of a pillar in front of the temple
עָלָה: to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
שַׁעַר: an opening, i.e. door or gate
יָשַׁב: properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
שָׁם: there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
הִנֵּה: lo!
גָּאַל: to be the next of kin (and as such to buy back a relative's property, marry his widow, etc.)
דָבַר: perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
עָבַר: to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in copulation)
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
Cross References
Ruth 4The Mosaic law requiring a brother or near kinsman to marry the widow and raise offspring.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
New Testament citation of the levirate marriage law referenced by Boaz.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The legal ceremony of plucking off the shoe to symbolize relinquishing redemption rights.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The ancient Israelite practice of assembling ten elders for weighty legal transactions.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Levitical law regulating the redemption of land sold due to poverty.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The birth of Pharez, the ancestor of the Bethlehemite clan mentioned in the elders' blessing.
Supported by JFB
Traces the lineage of Pharez to Christ, fulfilling the genealogy recorded here.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Traces Salmon, Boaz, Obed, and Jesse directly into the messianic genealogy of Jesus.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Identifies Jesse and David, concluding the genealogy and establishing the royal line.
Supported by JFB
Transactions conducted publicly at the city gate before all who enter.
Supported by JFB
The famous prophecy concerning Bethlehem Ephratah, home of Boaz and ultimate birthplace of Messiah.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the genealogy of Judah's descendants through Pharez.
Supported by JFB
Traces the ancestry of Jesus through Jesse, Obed, and Boaz.
Supported by Matthew Henry