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2 Samuel 1

2 Samuel1

New American Standard

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1 Now it came about after the death of Saul, when David had returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, that David stayed two days in Ziklag.

2 And on the third day, behold, a man came from Saul’s camp with his clothes torn and dust on his head. And it happened when he came to David, he fell to the ground and prostrated himself.

3 Then David said to him, “From where do you come?” And he said to him, “I have escaped from the camp of Israel.”

4 David said to him, “How did things go? Please tell me.” And he said, “The people have fled from the battle, and many of the people also have fallen and are dead; and Saul and his son Jonathan are also dead.”

5 Then David said to the young man who told him, “How do you know that Saul and his son Jonathan are dead?”

6 The young man who told him said, “By chance I happened to be on Mount Gilboa, and behold, Saul was leaning on his spear. And behold, the chariots and the horsemen had overtaken him.

7 When he looked behind himself, he saw me, and called to me. And I said, ‘Here I am.’

8 Then he said to me, ‘Who are you?’ And I answered him, ‘I am an Amalekite.’

9 And he said to me, ‘Please stand next to me and finish me off, for agony has seized me because my life still lingers in me.’

10 So I stood next to him and finished him off, because I knew that he could not live after he had fallen. And I took the crown which was on his head and the band which was on his arm, and I have brought them here to my lord.”

11 Then David took hold of his clothes and tore them, and so also did all the men who were with him.

12 And they mourned and wept and fasted until evening for Saul and his son Jonathan, and for the people of the Lord and the house of Israel, because they had fallen by the sword.

13 Then David said to the young man who informed him, “Where are you from?” And he answered, “I am the son of a stranger, an Amalekite.”

14 And David said to him, “How is it you were not afraid to reach out with your hand to destroy the Lord’s anointed?”

15 Then David called one of the young men and said, “Come forward, put him to death.” So he struck him and he died.

16 And David said to him, “Your blood is on your head, because your own mouth has testified against you, saying, ‘I have finished off the Lord’s anointed.’”

17 Then David sang this song of mourning over Saul and his son Jonathan,

18 and he told them to teach the sons of Judah the mourning song of the bow; behold, it is written in the Book of Jashar.

19 “Your beauty, Israel, is slaughtered on your high places! How the mighty have fallen!

20 Tell it not in Gath, Proclaim it not in the streets of Ashkelon, Or the daughters of the Philistines will rejoice, The daughters of the uncircumcised will celebrate.

21 Mountains of Gilboa, May there be no dew nor rain on you, or fields of offerings! For there the shield of the mighty was defiled, The shield of Saul, not anointed with oil.

22 From the blood of those slaughtered, from the fat of the mighty, The bow of Jonathan did not turn back, And the sword of Saul did not return unstained.

23 Saul and Jonathan, beloved and delightful in life, And in their deaths they were not separated; They were swifter than eagles, They were mightier than lions.

24 Daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, Who clothed you in scarlet, with jewelry, Who put gold jewelry on your apparel.

25 How the mighty have fallen in the midst of the battle! Jonathan is slaughtered on your high places.

26 I am distressed for you, my brother Jonathan; You have been a close friend to me. Your love for me was more wonderful Than the love of women.

27 How the mighty have fallen, And the weapons of war have perished!”

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2 Samuel 1

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 1. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Tidings brought to David of the death of Saul. (1–10). The Amalekite is put to death. (11–16). David's lamentation for Saul and Jonathan. (17–27).

vv1-10

The blow which opened David's way to the throne was given about the time he had been sorely distressed. Those who commit their concerns to the Lord, will quietly abide his will. It shows that he desired not Saul's death, and he was not impatient to come to the throne.

vv11-16

David was sincere in his mourning for Saul; and all with him humbled themselves under the hand of God, laid so heavily upon Israel by this defeat. The man who brought the tidings, David put to death, as a murderer of his prince. David herein did not do unjustly; the Amalekite confessed the crime. If he did as he said, he deserved to die for treason; and his lying to David, if indeed it were a lie, proved, as sooner or later that sin will prove, lying against himself. Hereby David showed himself zealous for public justice, without regard to his own private interest.

vv17-27

Kasheth, or “the bow,” probably was the title of this mournful, funeral song. David does not commend Saul for what he was not; and says nothing of his piety or goodness. Jonathan was a dutiful son, Saul an affectionate father, therefore dear to each other. David had reason to say, that Jonathan's love to him was wonderful. Next to the love between Christ and his people, that affection which springs form it, produces the strongest friendship. The trouble of the Lord's people, and triumphs of his enemies, will always grieve true believers, whatever advantages they may obtain by them.

Cross References

2 Samuel 1
v91 Samuel 31:4contrast

Contrast between the Amalekite's story of slaying Saul and the true account of Saul's suicide.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Details David's recent slaughter of the Amalekites, matching his location and timing in verse 1.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v61 Samuel 31:1-6thematic

The historical account of Saul and Jonathan's deaths on Mount Gilboa which the messenger reports.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v152 Samuel 4:10thematic

David later recalls executing this Amalekite messenger who expected a reward for reporting Saul's death.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v141 Samuel 24:6thematic

David's established principle of refusing to stretch out his hand against the Lord's anointed.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v141 Samuel 26:9thematic

David's conviction that no one can stretch forth his hand against the Lord's anointed and be guiltless.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v261 Samuel 18:1thematic

The origin of Jonathan's wonderful love for David, loving him as his own soul.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21 Samuel 4:12thematic

Parallel account of a messenger bringing military disaster news with rent clothes and dirt on head.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v18Joshua 10:13allusion

The other major Old Testament reference citing the ancient Book of Jasher.

Supported by JFB

v201 Samuel 31:9thematic

The actual Philistine publication of Saul's death in their temples, which David's lamentation dreaded.

Supported by JFB

v20Micah 1:10allusion

Prophetic echo of David's lament, warning 'Declare it not at Gath' to avoid enemy triumph.

Supported by JFB

v81 Samuel 15:3thematic

The Amalekites were under God's ban of destruction, making Saul's death by one highly ironic.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v162 Samuel 1:10thematic

The Amalekite's own mouth condemned him by claiming he stood upon Saul and slew him.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v261 Samuel 20:17thematic

Jonathan's covenant-binding love for David, which David laments here as passing the love of women.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Parallel chronicler account confirming Saul died by his own sword, not an Amalekite's hand.