2 Samuel1
New American Standard
1Now it came about after the death of Saul, when David had returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, that David stayed two days in Ziklag.
2And on the third day, behold, a man came from Saul’s camp with his clothes torn and dust on his head. And it happened when he came to David, he fell to the ground and prostrated himself.
3Then David said to him, “From where do you come?” And he said to him, “I have escaped from the camp of Israel.”
4David said to him, “How did things go? Please tell me.” And he said, “The people have fled from the battle, and many of the people also have fallen and are dead; and Saul and his son Jonathan are also dead.”
5Then David said to the young man who told him, “How do you know that Saul and his son Jonathan are dead?”
6The young man who told him said, “By chance I happened to be on Mount Gilboa, and behold, Saul was leaning on his spear. And behold, the chariots and the horsemen had overtaken him.
7When he looked behind himself, he saw me, and called to me. And I said, ‘Here I am.’
8Then he said to me, ‘Who are you?’ And I answered him, ‘I am an Amalekite.’
9And he said to me, ‘Please stand next to me and finish me off, for agony has seized me because my life still lingers in me.’
10So I stood next to him and finished him off, because I knew that he could not live after he had fallen. And I took the crown which was on his head and the band which was on his arm, and I have brought them here to my lord.”
11Then David took hold of his clothes and tore them, and so also did all the men who were with him.
12And they mourned and wept and fasted until evening for Saul and his son Jonathan, and for the people of the Lord and the house of Israel, because they had fallen by the sword.
13Then David said to the young man who informed him, “Where are you from?” And he answered, “I am the son of a stranger, an Amalekite.”
14And David said to him, “How is it you were not afraid to reach out with your hand to destroy the Lord’s anointed?”
15Then David called one of the young men and said, “Come forward, put him to death.” So he struck him and he died.
16And David said to him, “Your blood is on your head, because your own mouth has testified against you, saying, ‘I have finished off the Lord’s anointed.’”
17Then David sang this song of mourning over Saul and his son Jonathan,
18and he told them to teach the sons of Judah the mourning song of the bow; behold, it is written in the Book of Jashar.
19“Your beauty, Israel, is slaughtered on your high places! How the mighty have fallen!
20Tell it not in Gath, Proclaim it not in the streets of Ashkelon, Or the daughters of the Philistines will rejoice, The daughters of the uncircumcised will celebrate.
21Mountains of Gilboa, May there be no dew nor rain on you, or fields of offerings! For there the shield of the mighty was defiled, The shield of Saul, not anointed with oil.
22From the blood of those slaughtered, from the fat of the mighty, The bow of Jonathan did not turn back, And the sword of Saul did not return unstained.
23Saul and Jonathan, beloved and delightful in life, And in their deaths they were not separated; They were swifter than eagles, They were mightier than lions.
24Daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, Who clothed you in scarlet, with jewelry, Who put gold jewelry on your apparel.
25How the mighty have fallen in the midst of the battle! Jonathan is slaughtered on your high places.
26I am distressed for you, my brother Jonathan; You have been a close friend to me. Your love for me was more wonderful Than the love of women.
27How the mighty have fallen, And the weapons of war have perished!”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 1.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Tidings brought to David of the death of Saul. (1–10). The Amalekite is put to death. (11–16). David's lamentation for Saul and Jonathan. (17–27).
vv1-10
The blow which opened David's way to the throne was given about the time he had been sorely distressed. Those who commit their concerns to the Lord, will quietly abide his will. It shows that he desired not Saul's death, and he was not impatient to come to the throne.
vv11-16
David was sincere in his mourning for Saul; and all with him humbled themselves under the hand of God, laid so heavily upon Israel by this defeat. The man who brought the tidings, David put to death, as a murderer of his prince. David herein did not do unjustly; the Amalekite confessed the crime. If he did as he said, he deserved to die for treason; and his lying to David, if indeed it were a lie, proved, as sooner or later that sin will prove, lying against himself. Hereby David showed himself zealous for public justice, without regard to his own private interest.
vv17-27
Kasheth, or “the bow,” probably was the title of this mournful, funeral song. David does not commend Saul for what he was not; and says nothing of his piety or goodness. Jonathan was a dutiful son, Saul an affectionate father, therefore dear to each other. David had reason to say, that Jonathan's love to him was wonderful. Next to the love between Christ and his people, that affection which springs form it, produces the strongest friendship. The trouble of the Lord's people, and triumphs of his enemies, will always grieve true believers, whatever advantages they may obtain by them.
Key Words
אַחַר: properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
מָוֶת: death (natural or violent); concretely, the dead, their place or state (hades); figuratively, pestilence, ruin
שָׁאוּל: Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
שׁוּב: to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again
נָכָה: to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
עֲמָלֵק: Amalek, a descendant of Esau; also his posterity and their country
יָשַׁב: properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
שְׁנַיִם: two; also (as ordinal) twofold
יוֹם: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
Cross References
2 Samuel 1Contrast between the Amalekite's story of slaying Saul and the true account of Saul's suicide.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Details David's recent slaughter of the Amalekites, matching his location and timing in verse 1.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The historical account of Saul and Jonathan's deaths on Mount Gilboa which the messenger reports.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
David later recalls executing this Amalekite messenger who expected a reward for reporting Saul's death.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
David's established principle of refusing to stretch out his hand against the Lord's anointed.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
David's conviction that no one can stretch forth his hand against the Lord's anointed and be guiltless.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The origin of Jonathan's wonderful love for David, loving him as his own soul.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel account of a messenger bringing military disaster news with rent clothes and dirt on head.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The other major Old Testament reference citing the ancient Book of Jasher.
Supported by JFB
The actual Philistine publication of Saul's death in their temples, which David's lamentation dreaded.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic echo of David's lament, warning 'Declare it not at Gath' to avoid enemy triumph.
Supported by JFB
The Amalekites were under God's ban of destruction, making Saul's death by one highly ironic.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Amalekite's own mouth condemned him by claiming he stood upon Saul and slew him.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jonathan's covenant-binding love for David, which David laments here as passing the love of women.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel chronicler account confirming Saul died by his own sword, not an Amalekite's hand.