2 Samuel1
World English Bible · Public Domain
1After the death of Saul, when David had returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, and David had stayed two days in Ziklag,
2on the third day, behold, a man came out of the camp from Saul, with his clothes torn and earth on his head. When he came to David, he fell to the earth and showed respect.
3David said to him, “Where do you come from?” He said to him, “I have escaped out of the camp of Israel.”
4David said to him, “How did it go? Please tell me.” He answered, “The people have fled from the battle, and many of the people also have fallen and are dead. Saul and Jonathan his son are dead also.”
5David said to the young man who told him, “How do you know that Saul and Jonathan his son are dead?”
6The young man who told him said, “As I happened by chance on Mount Gilboa, behold, Saul was leaning on his spear; and behold, the chariots and the horsemen followed close behind him.
7When he looked behind him, he saw me and called to me. I answered, ‘Here I am.’
8He said to me, ‘Who are you?’ I answered him, ‘I am an Amalekite.’
9He said to me, ‘Please stand beside me, and kill me, for anguish has taken hold of me because my life lingers in me.’
10So I stood beside him and killed him, because I was sure that he could not live after he had fallen. I took the crown that was on his head and the bracelet that was on his arm, and have brought them here to my lord.”
11Then David took hold on his clothes and tore them; and all the men who were with him did likewise.
12They mourned, wept, and fasted until evening for Saul and for Jonathan his son, and for the people of Yahweh, and for the house of Israel, because they had fallen by the sword.
13David said to the young man who told him, “Where are you from?” He answered, “I am the son of a foreigner, an Amalekite.”
14David said to him, “Why were you not afraid to stretch out your hand to destroy Yahweh’s anointed?”
15David called one of the young men and said, “Go near, and cut him down!” He struck him so that he died.
16David said to him, “Your blood be on your head, for your mouth has testified against you, saying, ‘I have slain Yahweh’s anointed.’”
17David lamented with this lamentation over Saul and over Jonathan his son
18(and he commanded them to teach the children of Judah the song of the bow; behold, it is written in the book of Jashar):
19“Your glory, Israel, was slain on your high places! How the mighty have fallen!
20Don’t tell it in Gath. Don’t publish it in the streets of Ashkelon, lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph.
21You mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew or rain on you, and no fields of offerings; for there the shield of the mighty was defiled and cast away, the shield of Saul was not anointed with oil.
22From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, Jonathan’s bow didn’t turn back. Saul’s sword didn’t return empty.
23Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives. In their death, they were not divided. They were swifter than eagles. They were stronger than lions.
24You daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you delicately in scarlet, who put ornaments of gold on your clothing.
25How the mighty have fallen in the middle of the battle! Jonathan was slain on your high places.
26I am distressed for you, my brother Jonathan. You have been very pleasant to me. Your love to me was wonderful, surpassing the love of women.
27How the mighty have fallen, and the weapons of war have perished!”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 1.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Tidings brought to David of the death of Saul. (1–10). The Amalekite is put to death. (11–16). David's lamentation for Saul and Jonathan. (17–27).
vv1-10
The blow which opened David's way to the throne was given about the time he had been sorely distressed. Those who commit their concerns to the Lord, will quietly abide his will. It shows that he desired not Saul's death, and he was not impatient to come to the throne.
vv11-16
David was sincere in his mourning for Saul; and all with him humbled themselves under the hand of God, laid so heavily upon Israel by this defeat. The man who brought the tidings, David put to death, as a murderer of his prince. David herein did not do unjustly; the Amalekite confessed the crime. If he did as he said, he deserved to die for treason; and his lying to David, if indeed it were a lie, proved, as sooner or later that sin will prove, lying against himself. Hereby David showed himself zealous for public justice, without regard to his own private interest.
vv17-27
Kasheth, or “the bow,” probably was the title of this mournful, funeral song. David does not commend Saul for what he was not; and says nothing of his piety or goodness. Jonathan was a dutiful son, Saul an affectionate father, therefore dear to each other. David had reason to say, that Jonathan's love to him was wonderful. Next to the love between Christ and his people, that affection which springs form it, produces the strongest friendship. The trouble of the Lord's people, and triumphs of his enemies, will always grieve true believers, whatever advantages they may obtain by them.
Key Words
אַחַר: properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
מָוֶת: death (natural or violent); concretely, the dead, their place or state (hades); figuratively, pestilence, ruin
שָׁאוּל: Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
שׁוּב: to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again
נָכָה: to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
עֲמָלֵק: Amalek, a descendant of Esau; also his posterity and their country
יָשַׁב: properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
שְׁנַיִם: two; also (as ordinal) twofold
יוֹם: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
Cross References
2 Samuel 1Contrast between the Amalekite's story of slaying Saul and the true account of Saul's suicide.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Details David's recent slaughter of the Amalekites, matching his location and timing in verse 1.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The historical account of Saul and Jonathan's deaths on Mount Gilboa which the messenger reports.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
David later recalls executing this Amalekite messenger who expected a reward for reporting Saul's death.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
David's established principle of refusing to stretch out his hand against the Lord's anointed.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
David's conviction that no one can stretch forth his hand against the Lord's anointed and be guiltless.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The origin of Jonathan's wonderful love for David, loving him as his own soul.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel account of a messenger bringing military disaster news with rent clothes and dirt on head.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The other major Old Testament reference citing the ancient Book of Jasher.
Supported by JFB
The actual Philistine publication of Saul's death in their temples, which David's lamentation dreaded.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic echo of David's lament, warning 'Declare it not at Gath' to avoid enemy triumph.
Supported by JFB
The Amalekites were under God's ban of destruction, making Saul's death by one highly ironic.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Amalekite's own mouth condemned him by claiming he stood upon Saul and slew him.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jonathan's covenant-binding love for David, which David laments here as passing the love of women.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel chronicler account confirming Saul died by his own sword, not an Amalekite's hand.