1 Samuel 30WEB
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1 Samuel30

World English Bible · Public Domain

1When David and his men had come to Ziklag on the third day, the Amalekites had made a raid on the South and on Ziklag, and had struck Ziklag and burned it with fire,

2and had taken captive the women and all who were in it, both small and great. They didn’t kill any, but carried them off and went their way.

3When David and his men came to the city, behold, it was burned with fire; and their wives, their sons, and their daughters were taken captive.

4Then David and the people who were with him lifted up their voice and wept until they had no more power to weep.

5David’s two wives were taken captive, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite.

6David was greatly distressed, for the people spoke of stoning him, because the souls of all the people were grieved, every man for his sons and for his daughters; but David strengthened himself in Yahweh his God.

7David said to Abiathar the priest, the son of Ahimelech, “Please bring the ephod here to me.” Abiathar brought the ephod to David.

8David inquired of Yahweh, saying, “If I pursue after this troop, will I overtake them?” He answered him, “Pursue, for you will surely overtake them, and will without fail recover all.”

9So David went, he and the six hundred men who were with him, and came to the brook Besor, where those who were left behind stayed.

10But David pursued, he and four hundred men; for two hundred stayed behind, who were so faint that they couldn’t go over the brook Besor.

11They found an Egyptian in the field, and brought him to David, and gave him bread, and he ate; and they gave him water to drink.

12They gave him a piece of a cake of figs and two clusters of raisins. When he had eaten, his spirit came again to him; for he had eaten no bread, and drank no water for three days and three nights.

13David asked him, “To whom do you belong? Where are you from?” He said, “I am a young man of Egypt, servant to an Amalekite; and my master left me, because three days ago I got sick.

14We made a raid on the South of the Cherethites, and on that which belongs to Judah, and on the South of Caleb; and we burned Ziklag with fire.”

15David said to him, “Will you bring me down to this troop?” He said, “Swear to me by God that you will not kill me and not deliver me up into the hands of my master, and I will bring you down to this troop.”

16When he had brought him down, behold, they were spread around over all the ground, eating, drinking, and dancing, because of all the great plunder that they had taken out of the land of the Philistines, and out of the land of Judah.

17David struck them from the twilight even to the evening of the next day. Not a man of them escaped from there, except four hundred young men who rode on camels and fled.

18David recovered all that the Amalekites had taken, and David rescued his two wives.

19There was nothing lacking to them, neither small nor great, neither sons nor daughters, neither plunder, nor anything that they had taken. David brought them all back.

20David took all the flocks and the herds, which they drove before those other livestock, and said, “This is David’s plunder.”

21David came to the two hundred men, who were so faint that they could not follow David, whom also they had made to stay at the brook Besor; and they went out to meet David, and to meet the people who were with him. When David came near to the people, he greeted them.

22Then all the wicked men and worthless fellows of those who went with David answered and said, “Because they didn’t go with us, we will not give them anything of the plunder that we have recovered, except to every man his wife and his children, that he may lead them away and depart.”

23Then David said, “Do not do so, my brothers, with that which Yahweh has given to us, who has preserved us, and delivered the troop that came against us into our hand.

24Who will listen to you in this matter? For as his share is who goes down to the battle, so shall his share be who stays with the baggage. They shall share alike.”

25It was so from that day forward that he made it a statute and an ordinance for Israel to this day.

26When David came to Ziklag, he sent some of the plunder to the elders of Judah, even to his friends, saying, “Behold, a present for you from the plunder of Yahweh’s enemies.”

27He sent it to those who were in Bethel, to those who were in Ramoth of the South, to those who were in Jattir,

28to those who were in Aroer, to those who were in Siphmoth, to those who were in Eshtemoa,

29to those who were in Racal, to those who were in the cities of the Jerahmeelites, to those who were in the cities of the Kenites,

30to those who were in Hormah, to those who were in Borashan, to those who were in Athach,

31to those who were in Hebron, and to all the places where David himself and his men used to stay.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 30.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Ziklag spoiled by the Amalekites. (1–6). David overtakes the Amalekites. (7–15). He recovers what had been lost. (16–20). David's distribution of the spoil. (21–31).

vv1-6

When we go abroad in the way of our duty, we may comfortably hope that God will take care of our families in our absence, but not otherwise. If, when we come off a journey, we find our abode in peace, and not laid waste, as David here found his, let the Lord be praised for it. David's men murmured against him. Great faith must expect such severe trials. But, observe, that David was brought thus low, only just before he was raised to the throne. When things are at the worst with the church and people of God, then they begin to mend. David encouraged himself in the Lord his God. His men fretted at their loss, the soul of the people was bitter; their own discontent and impatience added to the affliction and misery. But David bore it better, though he had more reason than any of them to lament it. They gave liberty to their passions, but he set his graces to work; and while they dispirited each other, he, by encouraging himself in God, kept his spirit calm. Those who have taken the Lord for their God, may take encouragement from him in the worst times.

vv7-15

If in all our ways, even when, as in this case, there can be no doubt they are just, we acknowledge God, we may expect that he will direct our steps, as he did those of David. David, in tenderness to his men, would by no means urge them beyond their strength. The Son of David thus considers the frames of his followers, who are not all alike strong and vigorous in their spiritual pursuits and conflicts; but, where we are weak, there he is kind; nay more, there he is strong, 2Co 12:9, 10. A poor Egyptian lad, scarcely alive, is made the means of a great deal of good to David. Justly did Providence make this poor servant, who was basely used by his master, an instrument in the destruction of the Amalekites; for God hears the cry of the oppressed. Those are unworthy the name of true Israelites, who shut up their compassion from persons in distress. We should neither do an injury nor deny a kindness to any man; some time or other it may be in the power of the lowest to return a kindness or an injury.

vv16-20

Sinners are nearest to ruin, when they cry, Peace and safety, and put the evil day far from them. Nor does any thing give our spiritual enemies more advantage than sensuality and indulgence. Eating and drinking, and dancing, have been the soft and pleasant way in which many have gone down to the congregation of the dead. The spoil was recovered, and brought off; nothing was lost, but a great deal gained.

Cross References

1 Samuel 30
v24Numbers 31:27thematic

David establishes an ordinance dividing spoils between those who fight and those who tarry, following Moses' law.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v21 Samuel 27:11contrast

The Amalekites spared the women, contrasting with David's previous total destruction of their people.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v71 Samuel 23:9thematic

David calls for Abiathar and the ephod, repeating his pattern of seeking divine guidance in distress.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v7Numbers 27:21thematic

The Mosaic prescription for inquiring of God by the Urim before the priest.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v14Zephaniah 2:5thematic

Identifies the Cherethites explicitly as Philistine dwellers of the southern seacoast.

Supported by JFB

v18Genesis 14:16thematic

Typological parallel to Abraham pursuing captors and recovering all the persons and goods.

Supported by Matthew Henry

The immediate outcome of David's victory and generosity was a large accession of men.

Supported by JFB

The Amalekite invasion was direct retaliation for David's previous raids on their territory.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v12Judges 15:19thematic

The phrase 'his spirit came again' matches Samson's physical revival after drinking.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v221 Samuel 25:25thematic

Verbal echo of 'men of Belial' used previously by Abigail for foolish, worthless men.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v31Joshua 14:13thematic

Hebron, where David and his men haunted, is Caleb's ancient inheritance.

Supported by JFB

The Egyptian servant's request reflects the Mosaic law prohibiting the return of escaped servants.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Amalek's secure revelry and drunkenness before destruction echoes Nabal's carnal security.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v24Joshua 22:8thematic

Joshua's prior instruction to divide the spoil of enemies with brethren who stayed behind.

Supported by JFB

v26Genesis 33:11thematic

The term 'present' (Hebrew 'blessing') is used for a gift sent to friends.

Supported by Matthew Poole