1 Samuel 30NIV
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1 Samuel30

New International Version

1David and his men reached Ziklag on the third day. Now the Amalekites had raided the Negev and Ziklag. They had attacked Ziklag and burned it,

2and had taken captive the women and everyone else in it, both young and old. They killed none of them, but carried them off as they went on their way.

3When David and his men reached Ziklag, they found it destroyed by fire and their wives and sons and daughters taken captive.

4So David and his men wept aloud until they had no strength left to weep.

5David’s two wives had been captured—Ahinoam of Jezreel and Abigail, the widow of Nabal of Carmel.

6David was greatly distressed because the men were talking of stoning him; each one was bitter in spirit because of his sons and daughters. But David found strength in the Lord his God.

7Then David said to Abiathar the priest, the son of Ahimelek, “Bring me the ephod.” Abiathar brought it to him,

8and David inquired of the Lord, “Shall I pursue this raiding party? Will I overtake them?” “Pursue them,” he answered. “You will certainly overtake them and succeed in the rescue.”

9David and the six hundred men with him came to the Besor Valley, where some stayed behind.

10Two hundred of them were too exhausted to cross the valley, but David and the other four hundred continued the pursuit.

11They found an Egyptian in a field and brought him to David. They gave him water to drink and food to eat—

12part of a cake of pressed figs and two cakes of raisins. He ate and was revived, for he had not eaten any food or drunk any water for three days and three nights.

13David asked him, “Who do you belong to? Where do you come from?” He said, “I am an Egyptian, the slave of an Amalekite. My master abandoned me when I became ill three days ago.

14We raided the Negev of the Kerethites, some territory belonging to Judah and the Negev of Caleb. And we burned Ziklag.”

15David asked him, “Can you lead me down to this raiding party?” He answered, “Swear to me before God that you will not kill me or hand me over to my master, and I will take you down to them.”

16He led David down, and there they were, scattered over the countryside, eating, drinking and reveling because of the great amount of plunder they had taken from the land of the Philistines and from Judah.

17David fought them from dusk until the evening of the next day, and none of them got away, except four hundred young men who rode off on camels and fled.

18David recovered everything the Amalekites had taken, including his two wives.

19Nothing was missing: young or old, boy or girl, plunder or anything else they had taken. David brought everything back.

20He took all the flocks and herds, and his men drove them ahead of the other livestock, saying, “This is David’s plunder.”

21Then David came to the two hundred men who had been too exhausted to follow him and who were left behind at the Besor Valley. They came out to meet David and the men with him. As David and his men approached, he asked them how they were.

22But all the evil men and troublemakers among David’s followers said, “Because they did not go out with us, we will not share with them the plunder we recovered. However, each man may take his wife and children and go.”

23David replied, “No, my brothers, you must not do that with what the Lord has given us. He has protected us and delivered into our hands the raiding party that came against us.

24Who will listen to what you say? The share of the man who stayed with the supplies is to be the same as that of him who went down to the battle. All will share alike.”

25David made this a statute and ordinance for Israel from that day to this.

26When David reached Ziklag, he sent some of the plunder to the elders of Judah, who were his friends, saying, “Here is a gift for you from the plunder of the Lord’s enemies.”

27David sent it to those who were in Bethel, Ramoth Negev and Jattir;

28to those in Aroer, Siphmoth, Eshtemoa

29and Rakal; to those in the towns of the Jerahmeelites and the Kenites;

30to those in Hormah, Bor Ashan, Athak

31and Hebron; and to those in all the other places where he and his men had roamed.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 30.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Ziklag spoiled by the Amalekites. (1–6). David overtakes the Amalekites. (7–15). He recovers what had been lost. (16–20). David's distribution of the spoil. (21–31).

vv1-6

When we go abroad in the way of our duty, we may comfortably hope that God will take care of our families in our absence, but not otherwise. If, when we come off a journey, we find our abode in peace, and not laid waste, as David here found his, let the Lord be praised for it. David's men murmured against him. Great faith must expect such severe trials. But, observe, that David was brought thus low, only just before he was raised to the throne. When things are at the worst with the church and people of God, then they begin to mend. David encouraged himself in the Lord his God. His men fretted at their loss, the soul of the people was bitter; their own discontent and impatience added to the affliction and misery. But David bore it better, though he had more reason than any of them to lament it. They gave liberty to their passions, but he set his graces to work; and while they dispirited each other, he, by encouraging himself in God, kept his spirit calm. Those who have taken the Lord for their God, may take encouragement from him in the worst times.

vv7-15

If in all our ways, even when, as in this case, there can be no doubt they are just, we acknowledge God, we may expect that he will direct our steps, as he did those of David. David, in tenderness to his men, would by no means urge them beyond their strength. The Son of David thus considers the frames of his followers, who are not all alike strong and vigorous in their spiritual pursuits and conflicts; but, where we are weak, there he is kind; nay more, there he is strong, 2Co 12:9, 10. A poor Egyptian lad, scarcely alive, is made the means of a great deal of good to David. Justly did Providence make this poor servant, who was basely used by his master, an instrument in the destruction of the Amalekites; for God hears the cry of the oppressed. Those are unworthy the name of true Israelites, who shut up their compassion from persons in distress. We should neither do an injury nor deny a kindness to any man; some time or other it may be in the power of the lowest to return a kindness or an injury.

vv16-20

Sinners are nearest to ruin, when they cry, Peace and safety, and put the evil day far from them. Nor does any thing give our spiritual enemies more advantage than sensuality and indulgence. Eating and drinking, and dancing, have been the soft and pleasant way in which many have gone down to the congregation of the dead. The spoil was recovered, and brought off; nothing was lost, but a great deal gained.

Cross References

1 Samuel 30
v24Numbers 31:27thematic

David establishes an ordinance dividing spoils between those who fight and those who tarry, following Moses' law.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v21 Samuel 27:11contrast

The Amalekites spared the women, contrasting with David's previous total destruction of their people.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v71 Samuel 23:9thematic

David calls for Abiathar and the ephod, repeating his pattern of seeking divine guidance in distress.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v7Numbers 27:21thematic

The Mosaic prescription for inquiring of God by the Urim before the priest.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v14Zephaniah 2:5thematic

Identifies the Cherethites explicitly as Philistine dwellers of the southern seacoast.

Supported by JFB

v18Genesis 14:16thematic

Typological parallel to Abraham pursuing captors and recovering all the persons and goods.

Supported by Matthew Henry

The immediate outcome of David's victory and generosity was a large accession of men.

Supported by JFB

The Amalekite invasion was direct retaliation for David's previous raids on their territory.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v12Judges 15:19thematic

The phrase 'his spirit came again' matches Samson's physical revival after drinking.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v221 Samuel 25:25thematic

Verbal echo of 'men of Belial' used previously by Abigail for foolish, worthless men.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v31Joshua 14:13thematic

Hebron, where David and his men haunted, is Caleb's ancient inheritance.

Supported by JFB

The Egyptian servant's request reflects the Mosaic law prohibiting the return of escaped servants.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Amalek's secure revelry and drunkenness before destruction echoes Nabal's carnal security.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v24Joshua 22:8thematic

Joshua's prior instruction to divide the spoil of enemies with brethren who stayed behind.

Supported by JFB

v26Genesis 33:11thematic

The term 'present' (Hebrew 'blessing') is used for a gift sent to friends.

Supported by Matthew Poole