1 Chronicles12
New International Version
1These were the men who came to David at Ziklag, while he was banished from the presence of Saul son of Kish (they were among the warriors who helped him in battle;
2they were armed with bows and were able to shoot arrows or to sling stones right-handed or left-handed; they were relatives of Saul from the tribe of Benjamin):
3Ahiezer their chief and Joash the sons of Shemaah the Gibeathite; Jeziel and Pelet the sons of Azmaveth; Berakah, Jehu the Anathothite,
4and Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty warrior among the Thirty, who was a leader of the Thirty; Jeremiah, Jahaziel, Johanan, Jozabad the Gederathite,
5Eluzai, Jerimoth, Bealiah, Shemariah and Shephatiah the Haruphite;
6Elkanah, Ishiah, Azarel, Joezer and Jashobeam the Korahites;
7and Joelah and Zebadiah the sons of Jeroham from Gedor.
8Some Gadites defected to David at his stronghold in the wilderness. They were brave warriors, ready for battle and able to handle the shield and spear. Their faces were the faces of lions, and they were as swift as gazelles in the mountains.
9Ezer was the chief, Obadiah the second in command, Eliab the third,
10Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth,
11Attai the sixth, Eliel the seventh,
12Johanan the eighth, Elzabad the ninth,
13Jeremiah the tenth and Makbannai the eleventh.
14These Gadites were army commanders; the least was a match for a hundred, and the greatest for a thousand.
15It was they who crossed the Jordan in the first month when it was overflowing all its banks, and they put to flight everyone living in the valleys, to the east and to the west.
16Other Benjamites and some men from Judah also came to David in his stronghold.
17David went out to meet them and said to them, “If you have come to me in peace to help me, I am ready for you to join me. But if you have come to betray me to my enemies when my hands are free from violence, may the God of our ancestors see it and judge you.”
18Then the Spirit came on Amasai, chief of the Thirty, and he said: “We are yours, David! We are with you, son of Jesse! Success, success to you, and success to those who help you, for your God will help you.” So David received them and made them leaders of his raiding bands.
19Some of the tribe of Manasseh defected to David when he went with the Philistines to fight against Saul. (He and his men did not help the Philistines because, after consultation, their rulers sent him away. They said, “It will cost us our heads if he deserts to his master Saul.”)
20When David went to Ziklag, these were the men of Manasseh who defected to him: Adnah, Jozabad, Jediael, Michael, Jozabad, Elihu and Zillethai, leaders of units of a thousand in Manasseh.
21They helped David against raiding bands, for all of them were brave warriors, and they were commanders in his army.
22Day after day men came to help David, until he had a great army, like the army of God.
23These are the numbers of the men armed for battle who came to David at Hebron to turn Saul’s kingdom over to him, as the Lord had said:
24from Judah, carrying shield and spear—6,800 armed for battle;
25from Simeon, warriors ready for battle—7,100;
26from Levi—4,600,
27including Jehoiada, leader of the family of Aaron, with 3,700 men,
28and Zadok, a brave young warrior, with 22 officers from his family;
29from Benjamin, Saul’s tribe—3,000, most of whom had remained loyal to Saul’s house until then;
30from Ephraim, brave warriors, famous in their own clans—20,800;
31from half the tribe of Manasseh, designated by name to come and make David king—18,000;
32from Issachar, men who understood the times and knew what Israel should do—200 chiefs, with all their relatives under their command;
33from Zebulun, experienced soldiers prepared for battle with every type of weapon, to help David with undivided loyalty—50,000;
34from Naphtali—1,000 officers, together with 37,000 men carrying shields and spears;
35from Dan, ready for battle—28,600;
36from Asher, experienced soldiers prepared for battle—40,000;
37and from east of the Jordan, from Reuben, Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh, armed with every type of weapon—120,000.
38All these were fighting men who volunteered to serve in the ranks. They came to Hebron fully determined to make David king over all Israel. All the rest of the Israelites were also of one mind to make David king.
39The men spent three days there with David, eating and drinking, for their families had supplied provisions for them.
40Also, their neighbors from as far away as Issachar, Zebulun and Naphtali came bringing food on donkeys, camels, mules and oxen. There were plentiful supplies of flour, fig cakes, raisin cakes, wine, olive oil, cattle and sheep, for there was joy in Israel.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Chronicles 12.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Those who came to David at Ziklag. (1–22). Those who came to Hebron. (23–40).
vv1-22
Here is an account of those who appeared and acted as David's friends, while he was persecuted. No difficulties or dangers should keep the sinner from coming to the Savior, nor drive the believer from the path of duty. Those who break through, and overcome in these attempts, will find abundant recompence. From the words of Amasai we may learn how to testify our affection and allegiance to the Lord Jesus; his we must be throughly; on his side we must be forward to appear and act. If we are under the influence of the Spirit, we shall desire to have our lot among them, and to declare ourselves on their side; if in faith and love we embrace the cause of Christ, he will receive, employ, and advance us.
vv23-40
When the throne of Christ is set up in a soul, there is, or ought to be, great joy in that soul; and provision is made, not as here, for a few days, but for the whole life, and for eternity. Happy are those who wisely perceive it to be their duty and interest, to submit to the Saviour Jesus Christ, the Son of David; who renounce for his sake all that is not consistent; whose earnest endeavours to do good are directed by the wisdom that God giveth, through acquaintance with his word, experience, and observation. If any man lack this wisdom, let him ask it of God, who giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not, and it shall be given him.
Key Words
אֵלֶּה: these or those
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
צִקְלַג: Tsiklag or Tsikelag, a place in Palestine
עָצָר: to inclose; by analogy, to hold back; also to maintain, rule, assemble
שָׁאוּל: Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
קִישׁ: Kish, the name of five Israelites
גִּבּוֹר: powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant
עָזַר: to surround, i.e. protect or aid
Cross References
1 Chronicles 12Explains the context of David coming with the Philistines and being sent back upon advisement.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the ambidextrous military skills, hurling stones, and archery characteristic of the tribe of Benjamin.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Establishes that Jordan historically overflowed all its banks during the first month, highlighting their crossing feat.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies Ziklag as the Philistine town given to David where these mighty men joined him.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the poetic description of warriors being as swift as roes and strong as lions.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the proverbial expression of military swiftness ('swift as a wild roe').
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies the 'band of rovers' as the Amalekites who despoiled Ziklag, whom these Manassites helped defeat.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Clarifies the timeline of the Manassites joining David as he returned from the Philistine camp to Ziklag.
Supported by JFB
Identifies Zadok as the prominent young priest who would eventually serve alongside Abiathar under David.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explains why Benjamin held back; they had kept the ward of Saul's house under Abner.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the phrase of wise counselors 'that knew the times' to determine what action to take.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the Hebrew idiom of the Spirit 'clothing' or coming upon a leader for action.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels another instance where provisions (figs, raisins, sheep) were brought abundantly to sustain David's camp.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies Gibeon, the home of Ismaiah, establishing the background of Gibeonites in Israel.
Supported by JFB