2 Samuel17
New International Version
1Ahithophel said to Absalom, “I would choose twelve thousand men and set out tonight in pursuit of David.
2I would attack him while he is weary and weak. I would strike him with terror, and then all the people with him will flee. I would strike down only the king
3and bring all the people back to you. The death of the man you seek will mean the return of all; all the people will be unharmed.”
4This plan seemed good to Absalom and to all the elders of Israel.
5But Absalom said, “Summon also Hushai the Arkite, so we can hear what he has to say as well.”
6When Hushai came to him, Absalom said, “Ahithophel has given this advice. Should we do what he says? If not, give us your opinion.”
7Hushai replied to Absalom, “The advice Ahithophel has given is not good this time.
8You know your father and his men; they are fighters, and as fierce as a wild bear robbed of her cubs. Besides, your father is an experienced fighter; he will not spend the night with the troops.
9Even now, he is hidden in a cave or some other place. If he should attack your troops first, whoever hears about it will say, ‘There has been a slaughter among the troops who follow Absalom.’
10Then even the bravest soldier, whose heart is like the heart of a lion, will melt with fear, for all Israel knows that your father is a fighter and that those with him are brave.
11“So I advise you: Let all Israel, from Dan to Beersheba—as numerous as the sand on the seashore—be gathered to you, with you yourself leading them into battle.
12Then we will attack him wherever he may be found, and we will fall on him as dew settles on the ground. Neither he nor any of his men will be left alive.
13If he withdraws into a city, then all Israel will bring ropes to that city, and we will drag it down to the valley until not so much as a pebble is left.”
14Absalom and all the men of Israel said, “The advice of Hushai the Arkite is better than that of Ahithophel.” For the Lord had determined to frustrate the good advice of Ahithophel in order to bring disaster on Absalom.
15Hushai told Zadok and Abiathar, the priests, “Ahithophel has advised Absalom and the elders of Israel to do such and such, but I have advised them to do so and so.
16Now send a message at once and tell David, ‘Do not spend the night at the fords in the wilderness; cross over without fail, or the king and all the people with him will be swallowed up.’”
17Jonathan and Ahimaaz were staying at En Rogel. A female servant was to go and inform them, and they were to go and tell King David, for they could not risk being seen entering the city.
18But a young man saw them and told Absalom. So the two of them left at once and went to the house of a man in Bahurim. He had a well in his courtyard, and they climbed down into it.
19His wife took a covering and spread it out over the opening of the well and scattered grain over it. No one knew anything about it.
20When Absalom’s men came to the woman at the house, they asked, “Where are Ahimaaz and Jonathan?” The woman answered them, “They crossed over the brook.” The men searched but found no one, so they returned to Jerusalem.
21After they had gone, the two climbed out of the well and went to inform King David. They said to him, “Set out and cross the river at once; Ahithophel has advised such and such against you.”
22So David and all the people with him set out and crossed the Jordan. By daybreak, no one was left who had not crossed the Jordan.
23When Ahithophel saw that his advice had not been followed, he saddled his donkey and set out for his house in his hometown. He put his house in order and then hanged himself. So he died and was buried in his father’s tomb.
24David went to Mahanaim, and Absalom crossed the Jordan with all the men of Israel.
25Absalom had appointed Amasa over the army in place of Joab. Amasa was the son of Jether, an Ishmaelite who had married Abigail, the daughter of Nahash and sister of Zeruiah the mother of Joab.
26The Israelites and Absalom camped in the land of Gilead.
27When David came to Mahanaim, Shobi son of Nahash from Rabbah of the Ammonites, and Makir son of Ammiel from Lo Debar, and Barzillai the Gileadite from Rogelim
28brought bedding and bowls and articles of pottery. They also brought wheat and barley, flour and roasted grain, beans and lentils,
29honey and curds, sheep, and cheese from cows’ milk for David and his people to eat. For they said, “The people have become exhausted and hungry and thirsty in the wilderness.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 17.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Ahithophel's counsel overthrown. (1–21). He hangs himself, Absalom pursues David. (22–29).
vv1-21
Here was a wonderful effect of Divine Providence blinding Absalom's mind and influencing his heart, that he could not rest in Ahithophel's counsel, and that he should desire Hushai's advice. But there is no contending with that God who can arm a man against himself, and destroy him by his own mistakes and passions. Ahithophel's former counsel was followed, for God intended to correct David; but his latter counsel was not followed, for God meant not to destroy him. He can overrule all counsels. Whatever wisdom or help any man employs or affords, the success is from God alone, who will not let his people perish.
vv22-29
Ahithophel hanged himself for vexation that his counsel was not followed. That will break a proud man's heart which will not break a humble man's sleep. He thought himself in danger, concluding, that, because his counsel was not followed, Absalom's cause would fail; and to prevent a possible public execution, he does justice upon himself. Thus the breath is stopped, and the head laid low, from which nothing could be expected but mischief. Absalom chased his father. But observe how God sometimes makes up to his people that comfort from strangers, which they are disappointed of in their own families. Our King needs not our help; but he assures us, that what we do for the least of his brethren, who are sick, poor, and destitute, shall be accepted and recompensed as if done to himself
Key Words
אֲחִיתֹפֶל: Achithophel, an Israelite
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
אֲבִישָׁלוֹם: Abshalom, a son of David; also (the fuller form) a later Israelite
נָא: 'I pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the Imperative or Future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction
בָּחַר: properly, to try, i.e. (by implication) select
אֶלֶף: hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
קוּם: to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
לַיִל: properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e. night; figuratively, adversity
Cross References
2 Samuel 17Ahithophel's suicide by hanging famously prefigures and parallels the tragic end of the traitor Judas Iscariot.
Supported by JFB
Direct answer to David's prayer that the Lord would turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Ahithophel's revered counsel, once like the oracle of God, is decisively rejected and utterly defeated.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfills David's strategy of sending Hushai back to defeat the counsel of Ahithophel.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Hushai uses the vivid, proverbial idiom of a fierce bear robbed of her whelps.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Striking parallel to Rahab hiding Israelite spies and using deception to protect them from pursuers.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal parallel regarding the extreme danger of meeting a bear robbed of her whelps.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Utilizes the pre-arranged priestly intelligence network involving Jonathan and Ahimaaz.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels David's previous narrow escapes from Saul where he was forced to flee quickly.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Introduces Barzillai the Gileadite, who returns later to receive David's gratitude.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Ahithophel's strategy is to strike the shepherd so that the sheep may scatter.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Illustrates how God frustrates the devices of the crafty so their hands cannot perform enterprise.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Identifies Machir of Lo-debar, who previously housed Mephibosheth and now sustains David.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Hushai warns David not to delay in the wilderness plains, matching David's initial plan.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB