2 Samuel17
World English Bible · Public Domain
1Moreover Ahithophel said to Absalom, “Let me now choose twelve thousand men, and I will arise and pursue after David tonight.
2I will come on him while he is weary and exhausted, and will make him afraid. All the people who are with him will flee. I will strike the king only,
3and I will bring back all the people to you. The man whom you seek is as if all returned. All the people shall be in peace.”
4The saying pleased Absalom well, and all the elders of Israel.
5Then Absalom said, “Now call Hushai the Archite also, and let’s hear likewise what he says.”
6When Hushai had come to Absalom, Absalom spoke to him, saying, “Ahithophel has spoken like this. Shall we do what he says? If not, speak up.”
7Hushai said to Absalom, “The counsel that Ahithophel has given this time is not good.”
8Hushai said moreover, “You know your father and his men, that they are mighty men, and they are fierce in their minds, like a bear robbed of her cubs in the field. Your father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people.
9Behold, he is now hidden in some pit, or in some other place. It will happen, when some of them have fallen at the first, that whoever hears it will say, ‘There is a slaughter among the people who follow Absalom!’
10Even he who is valiant, whose heart is as the heart of a lion, will utterly melt; for all Israel knows that your father is a mighty man, and those who are with him are valiant men.
11But I counsel that all Israel be gathered together to you, from Dan even to Beersheba, as the sand that is by the sea for multitude; and that you go to battle in your own person.
12So we will come on him in some place where he will be found, and we will light on him as the dew falls on the ground, then we will not leave so much as one of him and of all the men who are with him.
13Moreover, if he has gone into a city, then all Israel will bring ropes to that city, and we will draw it into the river, until there isn’t one small stone found there.”
14Absalom and all the men of Israel said, “The counsel of Hushai the Archite is better than the counsel of Ahithophel.” For Yahweh had ordained to defeat the good counsel of Ahithophel, to the intent that Yahweh might bring evil on Absalom.
15Then Hushai said to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, “Ahithophel counseled Absalom and the elders of Israel that way; and I have counseled this way.
16Now therefore send quickly, and tell David, saying, ‘Don’t lodge tonight at the fords of the wilderness, but by all means pass over, lest the king be swallowed up, and all the people who are with him.’”
17Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz were staying by En Rogel; and a female servant used to go and report to them, and they went and told King David; for they couldn’t risk being seen coming into the city.
18But a boy saw them, and told Absalom. Then they both went away quickly and came to the house of a man in Bahurim, who had a well in his court; and they went down there.
19The woman took and spread the covering over the well’s mouth, and spread out crushed grain on it; and nothing was known.
20Absalom’s servants came to the woman to the house; and they said, “Where are Ahimaaz and Jonathan?” The woman said to them, “They have gone over the brook of water.” When they had sought and could not find them, they returned to Jerusalem.
21After they had departed, they came up out of the well and went and told King David; and they said to David, “Arise and pass quickly over the water; for thus has Ahithophel counseled against you.”
22Then David arose, and all the people who were with him, and they passed over the Jordan. By the morning light there lacked not one of them who had not gone over the Jordan.
23When Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed, he saddled his donkey, arose, and went home to his city, set his house in order, and hanged himself; and he died, and was buried in the tomb of his father.
24Then David came to Mahanaim. Absalom passed over the Jordan, he and all the men of Israel with him.
25Absalom set Amasa over the army instead of Joab. Now Amasa was the son of a man whose name was Ithra the Israelite, who went in to Abigail the daughter of Nahash, sister to Zeruiah, Joab’s mother.
26Israel and Absalom encamped in the land of Gilead.
27When David had come to Mahanaim, Shobi the son of Nahash of Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and Machir the son of Ammiel of Lodebar, and Barzillai the Gileadite of Rogelim,
28brought beds, basins, earthen vessels, wheat, barley, meal, parched grain, beans, lentils, roasted grain,
29honey, butter, sheep, and cheese of the herd, for David and for the people who were with him to eat; for they said, “The people are hungry, weary, and thirsty in the wilderness.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 17.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Ahithophel's counsel overthrown. (1–21). He hangs himself, Absalom pursues David. (22–29).
vv1-21
Here was a wonderful effect of Divine Providence blinding Absalom's mind and influencing his heart, that he could not rest in Ahithophel's counsel, and that he should desire Hushai's advice. But there is no contending with that God who can arm a man against himself, and destroy him by his own mistakes and passions. Ahithophel's former counsel was followed, for God intended to correct David; but his latter counsel was not followed, for God meant not to destroy him. He can overrule all counsels. Whatever wisdom or help any man employs or affords, the success is from God alone, who will not let his people perish.
vv22-29
Ahithophel hanged himself for vexation that his counsel was not followed. That will break a proud man's heart which will not break a humble man's sleep. He thought himself in danger, concluding, that, because his counsel was not followed, Absalom's cause would fail; and to prevent a possible public execution, he does justice upon himself. Thus the breath is stopped, and the head laid low, from which nothing could be expected but mischief. Absalom chased his father. But observe how God sometimes makes up to his people that comfort from strangers, which they are disappointed of in their own families. Our King needs not our help; but he assures us, that what we do for the least of his brethren, who are sick, poor, and destitute, shall be accepted and recompensed as if done to himself
Key Words
אֲחִיתֹפֶל: Achithophel, an Israelite
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
אֲבִישָׁלוֹם: Abshalom, a son of David; also (the fuller form) a later Israelite
נָא: 'I pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the Imperative or Future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction
בָּחַר: properly, to try, i.e. (by implication) select
אֶלֶף: hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
קוּם: to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
לַיִל: properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e. night; figuratively, adversity
Cross References
2 Samuel 17Ahithophel's suicide by hanging famously prefigures and parallels the tragic end of the traitor Judas Iscariot.
Supported by JFB
Direct answer to David's prayer that the Lord would turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Ahithophel's revered counsel, once like the oracle of God, is decisively rejected and utterly defeated.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfills David's strategy of sending Hushai back to defeat the counsel of Ahithophel.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Hushai uses the vivid, proverbial idiom of a fierce bear robbed of her whelps.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Striking parallel to Rahab hiding Israelite spies and using deception to protect them from pursuers.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal parallel regarding the extreme danger of meeting a bear robbed of her whelps.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Utilizes the pre-arranged priestly intelligence network involving Jonathan and Ahimaaz.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels David's previous narrow escapes from Saul where he was forced to flee quickly.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Introduces Barzillai the Gileadite, who returns later to receive David's gratitude.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Ahithophel's strategy is to strike the shepherd so that the sheep may scatter.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Illustrates how God frustrates the devices of the crafty so their hands cannot perform enterprise.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Identifies Machir of Lo-debar, who previously housed Mephibosheth and now sustains David.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Hushai warns David not to delay in the wilderness plains, matching David's initial plan.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB