2 Samuel17
New American Standard
1Furthermore, Ahithophel said to Absalom, “Please let me choose twelve thousand men and let me set out and pursue David tonight.
2And I will attack him while he is weary and exhausted and startle him, so that all the people who are with him will flee. Then I will strike and kill the king when he is alone,
3and I will bring all the people back to you. The return of everyone depends on the man whom you are seeking; then all the people will be at peace.”
4And the plan pleased Absalom and all the elders of Israel.
5Nevertheless, Absalom said, “Now call Hushai the Archite also, and let’s hear what he has to say.”
6When Hushai had come to Absalom, Absalom said to him, “Ahithophel has proposed this plan. Should we carry out his plan? If not, say so yourself.”
7So Hushai said to Absalom, “This time the advice that Ahithophel has given is not good.”
8Then Hushai said, “You yourself know your father and his men, that they are warriors and they are fierce, like a bear deprived of her cubs in the field. And your father is an expert in warfare, and he will not spend the night with the people.
9Behold, he has now hidden himself in one of the ravines, or in another place; and it will be that when he falls on them at the first attack, whoever hears it will say, ‘There has been a slaughter among the people who follow Absalom!’
10And even the one who is valiant, whose heart is like the heart of a lion, will completely despair; for all Israel knows that your father is a mighty man, and those who are with him are valiant men.
11But I advise that all Israel be fully gathered to you, from Dan even to Beersheba, like the sand that is by the sea in abundance; and that you personally go into battle.
12Then we will come to him in one of the places where he can be found, and we will fall on him just as the dew falls on the ground; and of him and of all the men who are with him, not even one will be left.
13And if he withdraws into a city, then all Israel shall bring ropes to that city, and we will drag it into the valley until not even a pebble is found there.”
14Then Absalom and all the men of Israel said, “The advice of Hushai the Archite is better than the advice of Ahithophel.” For the Lord had ordained to foil the good advice of Ahithophel, in order for the Lord to bring disaster on Absalom.
15Then Hushai said to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, “This is what Ahithophel advised Absalom and the elders of Israel to do, and this is what I have advised.
16Now then, send a messenger quickly and tell David, saying, ‘Do not spend the night at the river crossing places of the wilderness, but by all means cross over, or else the king and all the people who are with him will be destroyed.’”
17Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz were staying at En-rogel, and a female servant would go and inform them, and they would go and inform King David, for they could not allow themselves to be seen entering the city.
18But a boy did see them, and he told Absalom; so the two of them left quickly and came to the house of a man in Bahurim, who had a well in his courtyard, and they went down into it.
19And the woman took a cover and spread it over the well’s mouth and scattered barley meal on it, so that nothing was known.
20Then Absalom’s servants came to the woman at the house and said, “Where are Ahimaaz and Jonathan?” And the woman said to them, “They have crossed the brook of water.” And when they searched and did not find them, they returned to Jerusalem.
21It came about after they had departed, that they came up out of the well and went and reported to King David; and they said to David, “Set out and cross over the water quickly, because this is what Ahithophel has advised against you.”
22Then David and all the people who were with him set out and crossed the Jordan; by dawn not even one remained who had not crossed the Jordan.
23Now when Ahithophel saw that his advice had not been followed, he saddled his donkey and set out and went to his home, to his city, and set his house in order, and hanged himself; so he died and was buried in his father’s grave.
24Then David came to Mahanaim. And Absalom crossed the Jordan, he and all the men of Israel with him.
25Absalom put Amasa in command of the army in place of Joab. Now Amasa was the son of a man whose name was Ithra the Israelite, who had relations with Abigail the daughter of Nahash, sister of Zeruiah, Joab’s mother.
26And Israel and Absalom camped in the land of Gilead.
27Now when David had come to Mahanaim, Shobi the son of Nahash from Rabbah of the sons of Ammon, Machir the son of Ammiel from Lo-debar, and Barzillai the Gileadite from Rogelim,
28brought beds, basins, pottery, wheat, barley, flour, roasted grain, beans, lentils, roasted seeds,
29honey, curds, sheep, and cheese of the herd, for David and the people who were with him, to eat. For they said, “The people are hungry and exhausted and thirsty in the wilderness.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 17.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Ahithophel's counsel overthrown. (1–21). He hangs himself, Absalom pursues David. (22–29).
vv1-21
Here was a wonderful effect of Divine Providence blinding Absalom's mind and influencing his heart, that he could not rest in Ahithophel's counsel, and that he should desire Hushai's advice. But there is no contending with that God who can arm a man against himself, and destroy him by his own mistakes and passions. Ahithophel's former counsel was followed, for God intended to correct David; but his latter counsel was not followed, for God meant not to destroy him. He can overrule all counsels. Whatever wisdom or help any man employs or affords, the success is from God alone, who will not let his people perish.
vv22-29
Ahithophel hanged himself for vexation that his counsel was not followed. That will break a proud man's heart which will not break a humble man's sleep. He thought himself in danger, concluding, that, because his counsel was not followed, Absalom's cause would fail; and to prevent a possible public execution, he does justice upon himself. Thus the breath is stopped, and the head laid low, from which nothing could be expected but mischief. Absalom chased his father. But observe how God sometimes makes up to his people that comfort from strangers, which they are disappointed of in their own families. Our King needs not our help; but he assures us, that what we do for the least of his brethren, who are sick, poor, and destitute, shall be accepted and recompensed as if done to himself
Key Words
אֲחִיתֹפֶל: Achithophel, an Israelite
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
אֲבִישָׁלוֹם: Abshalom, a son of David; also (the fuller form) a later Israelite
נָא: 'I pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the Imperative or Future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction
בָּחַר: properly, to try, i.e. (by implication) select
אֶלֶף: hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
קוּם: to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
לַיִל: properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e. night; figuratively, adversity
Cross References
2 Samuel 17Ahithophel's suicide by hanging famously prefigures and parallels the tragic end of the traitor Judas Iscariot.
Supported by JFB
Direct answer to David's prayer that the Lord would turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Ahithophel's revered counsel, once like the oracle of God, is decisively rejected and utterly defeated.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfills David's strategy of sending Hushai back to defeat the counsel of Ahithophel.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Hushai uses the vivid, proverbial idiom of a fierce bear robbed of her whelps.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Striking parallel to Rahab hiding Israelite spies and using deception to protect them from pursuers.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal parallel regarding the extreme danger of meeting a bear robbed of her whelps.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Utilizes the pre-arranged priestly intelligence network involving Jonathan and Ahimaaz.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels David's previous narrow escapes from Saul where he was forced to flee quickly.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Introduces Barzillai the Gileadite, who returns later to receive David's gratitude.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Ahithophel's strategy is to strike the shepherd so that the sheep may scatter.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Illustrates how God frustrates the devices of the crafty so their hands cannot perform enterprise.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Identifies Machir of Lo-debar, who previously housed Mephibosheth and now sustains David.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Hushai warns David not to delay in the wilderness plains, matching David's initial plan.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB