2 Samuel17
New Living Translation
1Now Ahithophel urged Absalom, “Let me choose 12,000 men to start out after David tonight.
2I will catch up with him while he is weary and discouraged. He and his troops will panic, and everyone will run away. Then I will kill only the king,
3and I will bring all the people back to you as a bride returns to her husband. After all, it is only one man’s life that you seek. Then you will be at peace with all the people.”
4This plan seemed good to Absalom and to all the elders of Israel.
5But then Absalom said, “Bring in Hushai the Arkite. Let’s see what he thinks about this.”
6When Hushai arrived, Absalom told him what Ahithophel had said. Then he asked, “What is your opinion? Should we follow Ahithophel’s advice? If not, what do you suggest?”
7“Well,” Hushai replied to Absalom, “this time Ahithophel has made a mistake.
8You know your father and his men; they are mighty warriors. Right now they are as enraged as a mother bear who has been robbed of her cubs. And remember that your father is an experienced man of war. He won’t be spending the night among the troops.
9He has probably already hidden in some pit or cave. And when he comes out and attacks and a few of your men fall, there will be panic among your troops, and the word will spread that Absalom’s men are being slaughtered.
10Then even the bravest soldiers, though they have the heart of a lion, will be paralyzed with fear. For all Israel knows what a mighty warrior your father is and how courageous his men are.
11“I recommend that you mobilize the entire army of Israel, bringing them from as far away as Dan in the north and Beersheba in the south. That way you will have an army as numerous as the sand on the seashore. And I advise that you personally lead the troops.
12When we find David, we’ll fall on him like dew that falls on the ground. Then neither he nor any of his men will be left alive.
13And if David were to escape into some town, you will have all Israel there at your command. Then we can take ropes and drag the walls of the town into the nearest valley until every stone is torn down.”
14Then Absalom and all the men of Israel said, “Hushai’s advice is better than Ahithophel’s.” For the Lord had determined to defeat the counsel of Ahithophel, which really was the better plan, so that he could bring disaster on Absalom!
15Hushai told Zadok and Abiathar, the priests, what Ahithophel had said to Absalom and the elders of Israel and what he himself had advised instead.
16“Quick!” he told them. “Find David and urge him not to stay at the shallows of the Jordan River tonight. He must go across at once into the wilderness beyond. Otherwise he will die and his entire army with him.”
17Jonathan and Ahimaaz had been staying at En-rogel so as not to be seen entering and leaving the city. Arrangements had been made for a servant girl to bring them the message they were to take to King David.
18But a boy spotted them at En-rogel, and he told Absalom about it. So they quickly escaped to Bahurim, where a man hid them down inside a well in his courtyard.
19The man’s wife put a cloth over the top of the well and scattered grain on it to dry in the sun; so no one suspected they were there.
20When Absalom’s men arrived, they asked her, “Have you seen Ahimaaz and Jonathan?” The woman replied, “They were here, but they crossed over the brook.” Absalom’s men looked for them without success and returned to Jerusalem.
21Then the two men crawled out of the well and hurried on to King David. “Quick!” they told him, “cross the Jordan tonight!” And they told him how Ahithophel had advised that he be captured and killed.
22So David and all the people with him went across the Jordan River during the night, and they were all on the other bank before dawn.
23When Ahithophel realized that his advice had not been followed, he saddled his donkey, went to his hometown, set his affairs in order, and hanged himself. He died there and was buried in the family tomb.
24David soon arrived at Mahanaim. By now, Absalom had mobilized the entire army of Israel and was leading his troops across the Jordan River.
25Absalom had appointed Amasa as commander of his army, replacing Joab, who had been commander under David. (Amasa was Joab’s cousin. His father was Jether, an Ishmaelite. His mother, Abigail daughter of Nahash, was the sister of Joab’s mother, Zeruiah.)
26Absalom and the Israelite army set up camp in the land of Gilead.
27When David arrived at Mahanaim, he was warmly greeted by Shobi son of Nahash, who came from Rabbah of the Ammonites, and by Makir son of Ammiel from Lo-debar, and by Barzillai of Gilead from Rogelim.
28They brought sleeping mats, cooking pots, serving bowls, wheat and barley, flour and roasted grain, beans, lentils,
29honey, butter, sheep, goats, and cheese for David and those who were with him. For they said, “You must all be very hungry and tired and thirsty after your long march through the wilderness.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 17.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Ahithophel's counsel overthrown. (1–21). He hangs himself, Absalom pursues David. (22–29).
vv1-21
Here was a wonderful effect of Divine Providence blinding Absalom's mind and influencing his heart, that he could not rest in Ahithophel's counsel, and that he should desire Hushai's advice. But there is no contending with that God who can arm a man against himself, and destroy him by his own mistakes and passions. Ahithophel's former counsel was followed, for God intended to correct David; but his latter counsel was not followed, for God meant not to destroy him. He can overrule all counsels. Whatever wisdom or help any man employs or affords, the success is from God alone, who will not let his people perish.
vv22-29
Ahithophel hanged himself for vexation that his counsel was not followed. That will break a proud man's heart which will not break a humble man's sleep. He thought himself in danger, concluding, that, because his counsel was not followed, Absalom's cause would fail; and to prevent a possible public execution, he does justice upon himself. Thus the breath is stopped, and the head laid low, from which nothing could be expected but mischief. Absalom chased his father. But observe how God sometimes makes up to his people that comfort from strangers, which they are disappointed of in their own families. Our King needs not our help; but he assures us, that what we do for the least of his brethren, who are sick, poor, and destitute, shall be accepted and recompensed as if done to himself
Key Words
אֲחִיתֹפֶל: Achithophel, an Israelite
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
אֲבִישָׁלוֹם: Abshalom, a son of David; also (the fuller form) a later Israelite
נָא: 'I pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the Imperative or Future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction
בָּחַר: properly, to try, i.e. (by implication) select
אֶלֶף: hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
קוּם: to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
לַיִל: properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e. night; figuratively, adversity
Cross References
2 Samuel 17Ahithophel's suicide by hanging famously prefigures and parallels the tragic end of the traitor Judas Iscariot.
Supported by JFB
Direct answer to David's prayer that the Lord would turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Ahithophel's revered counsel, once like the oracle of God, is decisively rejected and utterly defeated.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfills David's strategy of sending Hushai back to defeat the counsel of Ahithophel.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Hushai uses the vivid, proverbial idiom of a fierce bear robbed of her whelps.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Striking parallel to Rahab hiding Israelite spies and using deception to protect them from pursuers.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal parallel regarding the extreme danger of meeting a bear robbed of her whelps.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Utilizes the pre-arranged priestly intelligence network involving Jonathan and Ahimaaz.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels David's previous narrow escapes from Saul where he was forced to flee quickly.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Introduces Barzillai the Gileadite, who returns later to receive David's gratitude.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Ahithophel's strategy is to strike the shepherd so that the sheep may scatter.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Illustrates how God frustrates the devices of the crafty so their hands cannot perform enterprise.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Identifies Machir of Lo-debar, who previously housed Mephibosheth and now sustains David.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Hushai warns David not to delay in the wilderness plains, matching David's initial plan.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB