2 Samuel 18WEB
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2 Samuel18

World English Bible · Public Domain

1David counted the people who were with him, and set captains of thousands and captains of hundreds over them.

2David sent the people out, a third part under the hand of Joab, and a third part under the hand of Abishai the son of Zeruiah, Joab’s brother, and a third part under the hand of Ittai the Gittite. The king said to the people, “I will also surely go out with you myself.”

3But the people said, “You shall not go out, for if we flee away, they will not care for us, neither if half of us die, will they care for us. But you are worth ten thousand of us. Therefore now it is better that you are ready to help us out of the city.”

4The king said to them, “I will do what seems best to you.” The king stood beside the gate, and all the people went out by hundreds and by thousands.

5The king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai, saying, “Deal gently for my sake with the young man Absalom.” All the people heard when the king commanded all the captains concerning Absalom.

6So the people went out into the field against Israel; and the battle was in the forest of Ephraim.

7The people of Israel were struck there before David’s servants, and there was a great slaughter there that day of twenty thousand men.

8For the battle was there spread over the surface of all the country, and the forest devoured more people that day than the sword devoured.

9Absalom happened to meet David’s servants. Absalom was riding on his mule, and the mule went under the thick boughs of a great oak; and his head caught hold of the oak, and he was hanging between the sky and earth; and the mule that was under him went on.

10A certain man saw it, and told Joab, and said, “Behold, I saw Absalom hanging in an oak.”

11Joab said to the man who told him, “Behold, you saw it, and why didn’t you strike him there to the ground? I would have given you ten pieces of silver and a sash.”

12The man said to Joab, “Though I should receive a thousand pieces of silver in my hand, I still wouldn’t stretch out my hand against the king’s son; for in our hearing the king commanded you and Abishai and Ittai, saying, ‘Beware that no one touch the young man Absalom.’

13Otherwise, if I had dealt falsely against his life (and there is no matter hidden from the king), then you yourself would have set yourself against me.”

14Then Joab said, “I’m not going to wait like this with you.” He took three darts in his hand and thrust them through Absalom’s heart while he was still alive in the middle of the oak.

15Ten young men who bore Joab’s armor surrounded and struck Absalom, and killed him.

16Joab blew the trumpet, and the people returned from pursuing after Israel; for Joab held the people back.

17They took Absalom and cast him into a great pit in the forest, and raised over him a very great heap of stones. Then all Israel fled, each to his own tent.

18Now Absalom in his lifetime had taken and reared up for himself the pillar which is in the king’s valley, for he said, “I have no son to keep my name in memory.” He called the pillar after his own name. It is called Absalom’s monument, to this day.

19Then Ahimaaz the son of Zadok said, “Let me now run and carry the king news, how Yahweh has avenged him of his enemies.”

20Joab said to him, “You must not be the bearer of news today, but you must carry news another day. But today you must carry no news, because the king’s son is dead.”

21Then Joab said to the Cushite, “Go, tell the king what you have seen!” The Cushite bowed himself to Joab, and ran.

22Then Ahimaaz the son of Zadok said yet again to Joab, “But come what may, please let me also run after the Cushite.” Joab said, “Why do you want to run, my son, since you will have no reward for the news?”

23“But come what may,” he said, “I will run.” He said to him, “Run!” Then Ahimaaz ran by the way of the Plain, and outran the Cushite.

24Now David was sitting between the two gates; and the watchman went up to the roof of the gate to the wall, and lifted up his eyes and looked, and, behold, a man running alone.

25The watchman shouted and told the king. The king said, “If he is alone, there is news in his mouth.” He came closer and closer.

26The watchman saw another man running; and the watchman called to the gatekeeper and said, “Behold, a man running alone!” The king said, “He also brings news.”

27The watchman said, “I think the running of the first one is like the running of Ahimaaz the son of Zadok.” The king said, “He is a good man, and comes with good news.”

28Ahimaaz called, and said to the king, “All is well.” He bowed himself before the king with his face to the earth, and said, “Blessed is Yahweh your God, who has delivered up the men who lifted up their hand against my lord the king!”

29The king said, “Is it well with the young man Absalom?” Ahimaaz answered, “When Joab sent the king’s servant, even me your servant, I saw a great tumult, but I don’t know what it was.”

30The king said, “Come and stand here.” He came and stood still.

31Behold, the Cushite came. The Cushite said, “Good news for my lord the king, for Yahweh has avenged you today of all those who rose up against you.”

32The king said to the Cushite, “Is it well with the young man Absalom?” The Cushite answered, “May the enemies of my lord the king, and all who rise up against you to do you harm, be as that young man is.”

33The king was much moved, and went up to the room over the gate and wept. As he went, he said, “My son Absalom! My son, my son Absalom! I wish I had died instead of you, Absalom, my son, my son!”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 18.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Absalom's army defeated. (1–8). He is slain. (9–18). David's over-sorrow. (19–33).

vv1-8

How does David render good for evil! Absalom would have only David smitten; David would have only Absalom spared. This seems to be a resemblance of man's wickedness towards God, and God's mercy to man, of which it is hard to say which is most amazing. Now the Israelites see what it is to take counsel against the Lord and his anointed.

vv9-18

Let young people look upon Absalom, hanging on a tree, accursed, forsaken of heaven and earth; there let them read the Lord's abhorrence of rebellion against parents. Nothing can preserve men from misery and contempt, but heavenly wisdom and the grace of God.

vv19-33

By directing David to give God thanks for his victory, Ahimaaz prepared him for the news of his son's death. The more our hearts are fixed and enlarged, in thanksgiving to God for our mercies, the better disposed we shall be to bear with patience the afflictions mixed with them. Some think David's wish arose from concern about Absalom's everlasting state; but he rather seems to have spoken without due thought. He is to be blamed for showing so great fondness for a graceless son. Also for quarrelling with Divine justice. And for opposing the justice of the nation, which, as king, he had to administer, and which ought to be preferred before natural affection. The best men are not always in a good frame; we are apt to over-grieve for what we over-loved. But while we learn from this example to watch and pray against sinful indulgence, or neglect of our children, may we not, in David, perceive a shadow of the Saviour's love, who wept over, prayed for, and even suffered death for mankind, though vile rebels and enemies.

Cross References

2 Samuel 18
v141 Kings 2:5thematic

David never forgot Joab's slaying of Absalom in direct violation of his command.

Supported by JFB

Under God's law, a stubborn and rebellious son like Absalom deserved the death penalty.

Supported by JFB

v32 Samuel 21:17thematic

The people refuse to let David enter battle, valuing him as worth ten thousand of them.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v92 Samuel 14:26thematic

Absalom's famous hair, previously his proud boast, likely contributed to his being caught in the oak.

Supported by JFB

v17Joshua 7:26thematic

Absalom is buried under a heap of stones, symbolizing a cursed criminal, like Achan.

Supported by JFB

David entrusts a third of his forces to Ittai the Gittite, who recently pledged lifelong loyalty.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v9Galatians 3:13typology

Absalom hanging on the tree, accursed of God, typifies the curse of sin borne by Christ.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v142 Samuel 12:10thematic

The sword falling on Absalom fulfills Nathan's prophecy that the sword would never depart from David's house.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v182 Samuel 14:27thematic

Absalom erected a pillar because his three sons had died, leaving him with no heir.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v5Luke 23:34contrast

David's plea to spare his rebellious son shadows Christ's superior love, praying for His executioners.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v6Judges 12:4-6thematic

The Wood of Ephraim east of Jordan likely gained its name from Jephthah's slaughter of Ephraimites.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v8Joshua 10:11thematic

God uses natural elements (the forest) to destroy more of Israel's rebellious army than the sword.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Proverbs 30:17thematic

The horrific death of Absalom illustrates the biblical warning of judgment upon children who mock parents.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v242 Kings 9:17-20thematic

The watchman on the roof overlooking the gate detects approaching messengers, matching ancient military watch routines.

Supported by Matthew Poole