2 Samuel 18ASV
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2 Samuel18

American Standard Version · Public Domain

1And David numbered the people that were with him, and set captains of thousands and captains of hundreds over them.

2And David sent forth the people, a third part under the hand of Joab, and a third part under the hand of Abishai the son of Zeruiah, Joab’s brother, and a third part under the hand of Ittai the Gittite. And the king said unto the people, I will surely go forth with you myself also.

3But the people said, Thou shalt not go forth: for if we flee away, they will not care for us; neither if half of us die, will they care for us: but thou art worth ten thousand of us; therefore now it is better that thou be ready to succor us out of the city.

4And the king said unto them, What seemeth you best I will do. And the king stood by the gate-side, and all the people went out by hundreds and by thousands.

5And the king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai, saying, Deal gently for my sake with the young man, even with Absalom. And all the people heard when the king gave all the captains charge concerning Absalom.

6So the people went out into the field against Israel: and the battle was in the forest of Ephraim.

7And the people of Israel were smitten there before the servants of David, and there was a great slaughter there that day of twenty thousand men.

8For the battle was there spread over the face of all the country; and the forest devoured more people that day than the sword devoured.

9And Absalom chanced to meet the servants of David. And Absalom was riding upon his mule, and the mule went under the thick boughs of a great oak, and his head caught hold of the oak, and he was taken up between heaven and earth; and the mule that was under him went on.

10And a certain man saw it, and told Joab, and said, Behold, I saw Absalom hanging in an oak.

11And Joab said unto the man that told him, And, behold, thou sawest it, and why didst thou not smite him there to the ground? and I would have given thee ten pieces of silver, and a girdle.

12And the man said unto Joab, Though I should receive a thousand pieces of silver in my hand, yet would I not put forth my hand against the king’s son: for in our hearing the king charged thee and Abishai and Ittai, saying, Beware that none touch the young man Absalom.

13Otherwise if I had dealt falsely against his life (and there is no matter hid from the king), then thou thyself wouldest have set thyself against me.

14Then said Joab, I may not tarry thus with thee. And he took three darts in his hand, and thrust them through the heart of Absalom, while he was yet alive in the midst of the oak.

15And ten young men that bare Joab’s armor compassed about and smote Absalom, and slew him.

16And Joab blew the trumpet, and the people returned from pursuing after Israel; for Joab held back the people.

17And they took Absalom, and cast him into the great pit in the forest, and raised over him a very great heap of stones: and all Israel fled every one to his tent.

18Now Absalom in his lifetime had taken and reared up for himself the pillar, which is in the king’s dale; for he said, I have no son to keep my name in remembrance: and he called the pillar after his own name; and it is called Absalom’s monument, unto this day.

19Then said Ahimaaz the son of Zadok, Let me now run, and bear the king tidings, how that Jehovah hath avenged him of his enemies.

20And Joab said unto him, Thou shalt not be the bearer of tidings this day, but thou shalt bear tidings another day; but this day thou shalt bear no tidings, because the king’s son is dead.

21Then said Joab to the Cushite, Go, tell the king what thou hast seen. And the Cushite bowed himself unto Joab, and ran.

22Then said Ahimaaz the son of Zadok yet again to Joab, But come what may, let me, I pray thee, also run after the Cushite. And Joab said, Wherefore wilt thou run, my son, seeing that thou wilt have no reward for the tidings?

23But come what may, said he, I will run. And he said unto him, Run. Then Ahimaaz ran by the way of the Plain, and outran the Cushite.

24Now David was sitting between the two gates: and the watchman went up to the roof of the gate unto the wall, and lifted up his eyes, and looked, and, behold, a man running alone.

25And the watchman cried, and told the king. And the king said, If he be alone, there is tidings in his mouth. And he came apace, and drew near.

26And the watchman saw another man running; and the watchman called unto the porter, and said, Behold, another man running alone. And the king said, He also bringeth tidings.

27And the watchman said, I think the running of the foremost is like the running of Ahimaaz the son of Zadok. And the king said, He is a good man, and cometh with good tidings.

28And Ahimaaz called, and said unto the king, All is well. And he bowed himself before the king with his face to the earth, and said, Blessed be Jehovah thy God, who hath delivered up the men that lifted up their hand against my lord the king.

29And the king said, Is it well with the young man Absalom? And Ahimaaz answered, When Joab sent the king’s servant, even me thy servant, I saw a great tumult, but I knew not what it was.

30And the king said, Turn aside, and stand here. And he turned aside, and stood still.

31And, behold, the Cushite came; and the Cushite said, Tidings for my lord the king; for Jehovah hath avenged thee this day of all them that rose up against thee.

32And the king said unto the Cushite, Is it well with the young man Absalom? And the Cushite answered, The enemies of my lord the king, and all that rise up against thee to do thee hurt, be as that young man is.

33And the king was much moved, and went up to the chamber over the gate, and wept: and as he went, thus he said, O my son Absalom, my son, my son Absalom! would I had died for thee, O Absalom, my son, my son!

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 18.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Absalom's army defeated. (1–8). He is slain. (9–18). David's over-sorrow. (19–33).

vv1-8

How does David render good for evil! Absalom would have only David smitten; David would have only Absalom spared. This seems to be a resemblance of man's wickedness towards God, and God's mercy to man, of which it is hard to say which is most amazing. Now the Israelites see what it is to take counsel against the Lord and his anointed.

vv9-18

Let young people look upon Absalom, hanging on a tree, accursed, forsaken of heaven and earth; there let them read the Lord's abhorrence of rebellion against parents. Nothing can preserve men from misery and contempt, but heavenly wisdom and the grace of God.

vv19-33

By directing David to give God thanks for his victory, Ahimaaz prepared him for the news of his son's death. The more our hearts are fixed and enlarged, in thanksgiving to God for our mercies, the better disposed we shall be to bear with patience the afflictions mixed with them. Some think David's wish arose from concern about Absalom's everlasting state; but he rather seems to have spoken without due thought. He is to be blamed for showing so great fondness for a graceless son. Also for quarrelling with Divine justice. And for opposing the justice of the nation, which, as king, he had to administer, and which ought to be preferred before natural affection. The best men are not always in a good frame; we are apt to over-grieve for what we over-loved. But while we learn from this example to watch and pray against sinful indulgence, or neglect of our children, may we not, in David, perceive a shadow of the Saviour's love, who wept over, prayed for, and even suffered death for mankind, though vile rebels and enemies.

Cross References

2 Samuel 18
v141 Kings 2:5thematic

David never forgot Joab's slaying of Absalom in direct violation of his command.

Supported by JFB

Under God's law, a stubborn and rebellious son like Absalom deserved the death penalty.

Supported by JFB

v32 Samuel 21:17thematic

The people refuse to let David enter battle, valuing him as worth ten thousand of them.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v92 Samuel 14:26thematic

Absalom's famous hair, previously his proud boast, likely contributed to his being caught in the oak.

Supported by JFB

v17Joshua 7:26thematic

Absalom is buried under a heap of stones, symbolizing a cursed criminal, like Achan.

Supported by JFB

David entrusts a third of his forces to Ittai the Gittite, who recently pledged lifelong loyalty.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v9Galatians 3:13typology

Absalom hanging on the tree, accursed of God, typifies the curse of sin borne by Christ.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v142 Samuel 12:10thematic

The sword falling on Absalom fulfills Nathan's prophecy that the sword would never depart from David's house.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v182 Samuel 14:27thematic

Absalom erected a pillar because his three sons had died, leaving him with no heir.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v5Luke 23:34contrast

David's plea to spare his rebellious son shadows Christ's superior love, praying for His executioners.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v6Judges 12:4-6thematic

The Wood of Ephraim east of Jordan likely gained its name from Jephthah's slaughter of Ephraimites.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v8Joshua 10:11thematic

God uses natural elements (the forest) to destroy more of Israel's rebellious army than the sword.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Proverbs 30:17thematic

The horrific death of Absalom illustrates the biblical warning of judgment upon children who mock parents.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v242 Kings 9:17-20thematic

The watchman on the roof overlooking the gate detects approaching messengers, matching ancient military watch routines.

Supported by Matthew Poole