2 Samuel 18NIV
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2 Samuel18

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1David mustered the men who were with him and appointed over them commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds.

2David sent out his troops, a third under the command of Joab, a third under Joab’s brother Abishai son of Zeruiah, and a third under Ittai the Gittite. The king told the troops, “I myself will surely march out with you.”

3But the men said, “You must not go out; if we are forced to flee, they won’t care about us. Even if half of us die, they won’t care; but you are worth ten thousand of us. It would be better now for you to give us support from the city.”

4The king answered, “I will do whatever seems best to you.” So the king stood beside the gate while all his men marched out in units of hundreds and of thousands.

5The king commanded Joab, Abishai and Ittai, “Be gentle with the young man Absalom for my sake.” And all the troops heard the king giving orders concerning Absalom to each of the commanders.

6David’s army marched out of the city to fight Israel, and the battle took place in the forest of Ephraim.

7There Israel’s troops were routed by David’s men, and the casualties that day were great—twenty thousand men.

8The battle spread out over the whole countryside, and the forest swallowed up more men that day than the sword.

9Now Absalom happened to meet David’s men. He was riding his mule, and as the mule went under the thick branches of a large oak, Absalom’s hair got caught in the tree. He was left hanging in midair, while the mule he was riding kept on going.

10When one of the men saw what had happened, he told Joab, “I just saw Absalom hanging in an oak tree.”

11Joab said to the man who had told him this, “What! You saw him? Why didn’t you strike him to the ground right there? Then I would have had to give you ten shekels of silver and a warrior’s belt.”

12But the man replied, “Even if a thousand shekels were weighed out into my hands, I would not lay a hand on the king’s son. In our hearing the king commanded you and Abishai and Ittai, ‘Protect the young man Absalom for my sake.’

13And if I had put my life in jeopardy—and nothing is hidden from the king—you would have kept your distance from me.”

14Joab said, “I’m not going to wait like this for you.” So he took three javelins in his hand and plunged them into Absalom’s heart while Absalom was still alive in the oak tree.

15And ten of Joab’s armor-bearers surrounded Absalom, struck him and killed him.

16Then Joab sounded the trumpet, and the troops stopped pursuing Israel, for Joab halted them.

17They took Absalom, threw him into a big pit in the forest and piled up a large heap of rocks over him. Meanwhile, all the Israelites fled to their homes.

18During his lifetime Absalom had taken a pillar and erected it in the King’s Valley as a monument to himself, for he thought, “I have no son to carry on the memory of my name.” He named the pillar after himself, and it is called Absalom’s Monument to this day.

19Now Ahimaaz son of Zadok said, “Let me run and take the news to the king that the Lord has vindicated him by delivering him from the hand of his enemies.”

20“You are not the one to take the news today,” Joab told him. “You may take the news another time, but you must not do so today, because the king’s son is dead.”

21Then Joab said to a Cushite, “Go, tell the king what you have seen.” The Cushite bowed down before Joab and ran off.

22Ahimaaz son of Zadok again said to Joab, “Come what may, please let me run behind the Cushite.” But Joab replied, “My son, why do you want to go? You don’t have any news that will bring you a reward.”

23He said, “Come what may, I want to run.” So Joab said, “Run!” Then Ahimaaz ran by way of the plain and outran the Cushite.

24While David was sitting between the inner and outer gates, the watchman went up to the roof of the gateway by the wall. As he looked out, he saw a man running alone.

25The watchman called out to the king and reported it. The king said, “If he is alone, he must have good news.” And the runner came closer and closer.

26Then the watchman saw another runner, and he called down to the gatekeeper, “Look, another man running alone!” The king said, “He must be bringing good news, too.”

27The watchman said, “It seems to me that the first one runs like Ahimaaz son of Zadok.” “He’s a good man,” the king said. “He comes with good news.”

28Then Ahimaaz called out to the king, “All is well!” He bowed down before the king with his face to the ground and said, “Praise be to the Lord your God! He has delivered up those who lifted their hands against my lord the king.”

29The king asked, “Is the young man Absalom safe?” Ahimaaz answered, “I saw great confusion just as Joab was about to send the king’s servant and me, your servant, but I don’t know what it was.”

30The king said, “Stand aside and wait here.” So he stepped aside and stood there.

31Then the Cushite arrived and said, “My lord the king, hear the good news! The Lord has vindicated you today by delivering you from the hand of all who rose up against you.”

32The king asked the Cushite, “Is the young man Absalom safe?” The Cushite replied, “May the enemies of my lord the king and all who rise up to harm you be like that young man.”

33The king was shaken. He went up to the room over the gateway and wept. As he went, he said: “O my son Absalom! My son, my son Absalom! If only I had died instead of you—O Absalom, my son, my son!”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 18.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Absalom's army defeated. (1–8). He is slain. (9–18). David's over-sorrow. (19–33).

vv1-8

How does David render good for evil! Absalom would have only David smitten; David would have only Absalom spared. This seems to be a resemblance of man's wickedness towards God, and God's mercy to man, of which it is hard to say which is most amazing. Now the Israelites see what it is to take counsel against the Lord and his anointed.

vv9-18

Let young people look upon Absalom, hanging on a tree, accursed, forsaken of heaven and earth; there let them read the Lord's abhorrence of rebellion against parents. Nothing can preserve men from misery and contempt, but heavenly wisdom and the grace of God.

vv19-33

By directing David to give God thanks for his victory, Ahimaaz prepared him for the news of his son's death. The more our hearts are fixed and enlarged, in thanksgiving to God for our mercies, the better disposed we shall be to bear with patience the afflictions mixed with them. Some think David's wish arose from concern about Absalom's everlasting state; but he rather seems to have spoken without due thought. He is to be blamed for showing so great fondness for a graceless son. Also for quarrelling with Divine justice. And for opposing the justice of the nation, which, as king, he had to administer, and which ought to be preferred before natural affection. The best men are not always in a good frame; we are apt to over-grieve for what we over-loved. But while we learn from this example to watch and pray against sinful indulgence, or neglect of our children, may we not, in David, perceive a shadow of the Saviour's love, who wept over, prayed for, and even suffered death for mankind, though vile rebels and enemies.

Cross References

2 Samuel 18
v141 Kings 2:5thematic

David never forgot Joab's slaying of Absalom in direct violation of his command.

Supported by JFB

Under God's law, a stubborn and rebellious son like Absalom deserved the death penalty.

Supported by JFB

v32 Samuel 21:17thematic

The people refuse to let David enter battle, valuing him as worth ten thousand of them.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v92 Samuel 14:26thematic

Absalom's famous hair, previously his proud boast, likely contributed to his being caught in the oak.

Supported by JFB

v17Joshua 7:26thematic

Absalom is buried under a heap of stones, symbolizing a cursed criminal, like Achan.

Supported by JFB

David entrusts a third of his forces to Ittai the Gittite, who recently pledged lifelong loyalty.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v9Galatians 3:13typology

Absalom hanging on the tree, accursed of God, typifies the curse of sin borne by Christ.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v142 Samuel 12:10thematic

The sword falling on Absalom fulfills Nathan's prophecy that the sword would never depart from David's house.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v182 Samuel 14:27thematic

Absalom erected a pillar because his three sons had died, leaving him with no heir.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v5Luke 23:34contrast

David's plea to spare his rebellious son shadows Christ's superior love, praying for His executioners.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v6Judges 12:4-6thematic

The Wood of Ephraim east of Jordan likely gained its name from Jephthah's slaughter of Ephraimites.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v8Joshua 10:11thematic

God uses natural elements (the forest) to destroy more of Israel's rebellious army than the sword.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Proverbs 30:17thematic

The horrific death of Absalom illustrates the biblical warning of judgment upon children who mock parents.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v242 Kings 9:17-20thematic

The watchman on the roof overlooking the gate detects approaching messengers, matching ancient military watch routines.

Supported by Matthew Poole