1 Chronicles12
New King James Version
1 Now these were the men who came to David at Ziklag while he was still a fugitive from Saul the son of Kish; and they were among the mighty men, helpers in the war,
2 armed with bows, using both the right hand and the left in hurling stones and shooting arrows with the bow. They were of Benjamin, Saul’s brethren.
3 The chief was Ahiezer, then Joash, the sons of Shemaah the Gibeathite; Jeziel and Pelet the sons of Azmaveth; Berachah, and Jehu the Anathothite;
4 Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty, and over the thirty; Jeremiah, Jahaziel, Johanan, and Jozabad the Gederathite;
5 Eluzai, Jerimoth, Bealiah, Shemariah, and Shephatiah the Haruphite;
6 Elkanah, Jisshiah, Azarel, Joezer, and Jashobeam, the Korahites;
7 and Joelah and Zebadiah the sons of Jeroham of Gedor.
8 Some Gadites joined David at the stronghold in the wilderness, mighty men of valor, men trained for battle, who could handle shield and spear, whose faces were like the faces of lions, and were as swift as gazelles on the mountains:
9 Ezer the first, Obadiah the second, Eliab the third,
10 Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth,
11 Attai the sixth, Eliel the seventh,
12 Johanan the eighth, Elzabad the ninth,
13 Jeremiah the tenth, and Machbanai the eleventh.
14 These were from the sons of Gad, captains of the army; the least was over a hundred, and the greatest was over a thousand.
15 These are the ones who crossed the Jordan in the first month, when it had overflowed all its banks; and they put to flight all those in the valleys, to the east and to the west.
16 Then some of the sons of Benjamin and Judah came to David at the stronghold.
17 And David went out to meet them, and answered and said to them, “If you have come peaceably to me to help me, my heart will be united with you; but if to betray me to my enemies, since there is no wrong in my hands, may the God of our fathers look and bring judgment.”
18 Then the Spirit came upon Amasai, chief of the captains, and he said: “We are yours, O David; We are on your side, O son of Jesse! Peace, peace to you, And peace to your helpers! For your God helps you.” So David received them, and made them captains of the troop.
19 And some from Manasseh defected to David when he was going with the Philistines to battle against Saul; but they did not help them, for the lords of the Philistines sent him away by agreement, saying, “He may defect to his master Saul and endanger our heads.”
20 When he went to Ziklag, those of Manasseh who defected to him were Adnah, Jozabad, Jediael, Michael, Jozabad, Elihu, and Zillethai, captains of the thousands who were from Manasseh.
21 And they helped David against the bands of raiders, for they were all mighty men of valor, and they were captains in the army.
22 For at that time they came to David day by day to help him, until it was a great army, like the army of God.
23 Now these were the numbers of the divisions that were equipped for war, and came to David at Hebron to turn over the kingdom of Saul to him, according to the word of the Lord:
24 of the sons of Judah bearing shield and spear, six thousand eight hundred armed for war;
25 of the sons of Simeon, mighty men of valor fit for war, seven thousand one hundred;
26 of the sons of Levi four thousand six hundred;
27 Jehoiada, the leader of the Aaronites, and with him three thousand seven hundred;
28 Zadok, a young man, a valiant warrior, and from his father’s house twenty-two captains;
29 of the sons of Benjamin, relatives of Saul, three thousand (until then the greatest part of them had remained loyal to the house of Saul);
30 of the sons of Ephraim twenty thousand eight hundred, mighty men of valor, famous men throughout their father’s house;
31 of the half-tribe of Manasseh eighteen thousand, who were designated by name to come and make David king;
32 of the sons of Issachar who had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do, their chiefs were two hundred; and all their brethren were at their command;
33 of Zebulun there were fifty thousand who went out to battle, expert in war with all weapons of war, stouthearted men who could keep ranks;
34 of Naphtali one thousand captains, and with them thirty-seven thousand with shield and spear;
35 of the Danites who could keep battle formation, twenty-eight thousand six hundred;
36 of Asher, those who could go out to war, able to keep battle formation, forty thousand;
37 of the Reubenites and the Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh, from the other side of the Jordan, one hundred and twenty thousand armed for battle with every kind of weapon of war.
38 All these men of war, who could keep ranks, came to Hebron with a loyal heart, to make David king over all Israel; and all the rest of Israel were of one mind to make David king.
39 And they were there with David three days, eating and drinking, for their brethren had prepared for them.
40 Moreover those who were near to them, from as far away as Issachar and Zebulun and Naphtali, were bringing food on donkeys and camels, on mules and oxen—provisions of flour and cakes of figs and cakes of raisins, wine and oil and oxen and sheep abundantly, for there was joy in Israel.
People in this chapter — 19
All people →Study
1 Chronicles 12Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Chronicles 12. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Those who came to David at Ziklag. (1–22). Those who came to Hebron. (23–40).
vv1-22
Here is an account of those who appeared and acted as David's friends, while he was persecuted. No difficulties or dangers should keep the sinner from coming to the Savior, nor drive the believer from the path of duty. Those who break through, and overcome in these attempts, will find abundant recompence. From the words of Amasai we may learn how to testify our affection and allegiance to the Lord Jesus; his we must be throughly; on his side we must be forward to appear and act. If we are under the influence of the Spirit, we shall desire to have our lot among them, and to declare ourselves on their side; if in faith and love we embrace the cause of Christ, he will receive, employ, and advance us.
vv23-40
When the throne of Christ is set up in a soul, there is, or ought to be, great joy in that soul; and provision is made, not as here, for a few days, but for the whole life, and for eternity. Happy are those who wisely perceive it to be their duty and interest, to submit to the Saviour Jesus Christ, the Son of David; who renounce for his sake all that is not consistent; whose earnest endeavours to do good are directed by the wisdom that God giveth, through acquaintance with his word, experience, and observation. If any man lack this wisdom, let him ask it of God, who giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not, and it shall be given him.
Key Words
אֵלֶּה: these or those
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
צִקְלַג: Tsiklag or Tsikelag, a place in Palestine
עָצָר: to inclose; by analogy, to hold back; also to maintain, rule, assemble
שָׁאוּל: Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
קִישׁ: Kish, the name of five Israelites
גִּבּוֹר: powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant
עָזַר: to surround, i.e. protect or aid
Cross References
1 Chronicles 12Explains the context of David coming with the Philistines and being sent back upon advisement.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the ambidextrous military skills, hurling stones, and archery characteristic of the tribe of Benjamin.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Establishes that Jordan historically overflowed all its banks during the first month, highlighting their crossing feat.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies Ziklag as the Philistine town given to David where these mighty men joined him.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the poetic description of warriors being as swift as roes and strong as lions.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the proverbial expression of military swiftness ('swift as a wild roe').
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies the 'band of rovers' as the Amalekites who despoiled Ziklag, whom these Manassites helped defeat.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Clarifies the timeline of the Manassites joining David as he returned from the Philistine camp to Ziklag.
Supported by JFB
Identifies Zadok as the prominent young priest who would eventually serve alongside Abiathar under David.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explains why Benjamin held back; they had kept the ward of Saul's house under Abner.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the phrase of wise counselors 'that knew the times' to determine what action to take.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the Hebrew idiom of the Spirit 'clothing' or coming upon a leader for action.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels another instance where provisions (figs, raisins, sheep) were brought abundantly to sustain David's camp.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies Gibeon, the home of Ismaiah, establishing the background of Gibeonites in Israel.
Supported by JFB