2 Samuel2
New King James Version
1It happened after this that David inquired of the Lord, saying, “Shall I go up to any of the cities of Judah?” And the Lord said to him, “Go up.” David said, “Where shall I go up?” And He said, “To Hebron.”
2So David went up there, and his two wives also, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the widow of Nabal the Carmelite.
3And David brought up the men who were with him, every man with his household. So they dwelt in the cities of Hebron.
4Then the men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. And they told David, saying, “The men of Jabesh Gilead were the ones who buried Saul.”
5So David sent messengers to the men of Jabesh Gilead, and said to them, “You are blessed of the Lord, for you have shown this kindness to your lord, to Saul, and have buried him.
6And now may the Lord show kindness and truth to you. I also will repay you this kindness, because you have done this thing.
7Now therefore, let your hands be strengthened, and be valiant; for your master Saul is dead, and also the house of Judah has anointed me king over them.”
8But Abner the son of Ner, commander of Saul’s army, took Ishbosheth the son of Saul and brought him over to Mahanaim;
9and he made him king over Gilead, over the Ashurites, over Jezreel, over Ephraim, over Benjamin, and over all Israel.
10Ishbosheth, Saul’s son, was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and he reigned two years. Only the house of Judah followed David.
11And the time that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and six months.
12Now Abner the son of Ner, and the servants of Ishbosheth the son of Saul, went out from Mahanaim to Gibeon.
13And Joab the son of Zeruiah, and the servants of David, went out and met them by the pool of Gibeon. So they sat down, one on one side of the pool and the other on the other side of the pool.
14Then Abner said to Joab, “Let the young men now arise and compete before us.” And Joab said, “Let them arise.”
15So they arose and went over by number, twelve from Benjamin, followers of Ishbosheth the son of Saul, and twelve from the servants of David.
16And each one grasped his opponent by the head and thrust his sword in his opponent’s side; so they fell down together. Therefore that place was called the Field of Sharp Swords, which is in Gibeon.
17So there was a very fierce battle that day, and Abner and the men of Israel were beaten before the servants of David.
18Now the three sons of Zeruiah were there: Joab and Abishai and Asahel. And Asahel was as fleet of foot as a wild gazelle.
19So Asahel pursued Abner, and in going he did not turn to the right hand or to the left from following Abner.
20Then Abner looked behind him and said, “Are you Asahel?” He answered, “I am.”
21And Abner said to him, “Turn aside to your right hand or to your left, and lay hold on one of the young men and take his armor for yourself.” But Asahel would not turn aside from following him.
22So Abner said again to Asahel, “Turn aside from following me. Why should I strike you to the ground? How then could I face your brother Joab?”
23However, he refused to turn aside. Therefore Abner struck him in the stomach with the blunt end of the spear, so that the spear came out of his back; and he fell down there and died on the spot. So it was that as many as came to the place where Asahel fell down and died, stood still.
24Joab and Abishai also pursued Abner. And the sun was going down when they came to the hill of Ammah, which is before Giah by the road to the Wilderness of Gibeon.
25Now the children of Benjamin gathered together behind Abner and became a unit, and took their stand on top of a hill.
26Then Abner called to Joab and said, “Shall the sword devour forever? Do you not know that it will be bitter in the latter end? How long will it be then until you tell the people to return from pursuing their brethren?”
27And Joab said, “As God lives, unless you had spoken, surely then by morning all the people would have given up pursuing their brethren.”
28So Joab blew a trumpet; and all the people stood still and did not pursue Israel anymore, nor did they fight anymore.
29Then Abner and his men went on all that night through the plain, crossed over the Jordan, and went through all Bithron; and they came to Mahanaim.
30So Joab returned from pursuing Abner. And when he had gathered all the people together, there were missing of David’s servants nineteen men and Asahel.
31But the servants of David had struck down, of Benjamin and Abner’s men, three hundred and sixty men who died.
32Then they took up Asahel and buried him in his father’s tomb, which was in Bethlehem. And Joab and his men went all night, and they came to Hebron at daybreak.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 2.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: David made king in Hebron. (1–7). Abner makes Ishbosheth king Battle between Abner's men and those of Joab. (8–17). Asahel slain by Abner. (25–32). Both parties retreat. (18–24).
vv1-7
After the death of Saul, many went to David at Ziklag, 1Ch 12:22, but he trusted in God who promised him the kingdom, to give it in his own time and manner. Yet assurance of hope in God's promise, will quicken pious endeavours. If I be chosen to the crown of life, it does not follow, Then I will do nothing; but, Then I will do all that God directs me. This good use David made of his election, and so will all whom God has chosen. In all our journeys and removes, it is comfortable to see God going before us; and we may do so, if by faith and prayer we set Him before us. God, according to the promise, directed David's path. David rose gradually: thus the kingdom of the Messiah, the Son of David, is set up by degrees; he is Lord of all, but we see not yet all things put under him.
vv8-17
The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young men fight before us, when he said, Let them play before us: fools thus make a mock at sin. But he is unworthy the name of a man, that can thus trifle with human blood.
vv18-24
Death often comes by ways we least suspect. We are often betrayed by the accomplishments we are proud of! Asahel's swiftness, which he presumed so much upon, did him no service, but hastened his end.
Key Words
אַחַר: properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
עָלָה: to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
אֶחָד: properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first
עִיר: a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
יְהוּדָה: Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
חֶבְרוֹן: Chebron, a place in Palestine, also the name of two Israelites
שָׁם: there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
שְׁנַיִם: two; also (as ordinal) twofold
Cross References
2 Samuel 2David continues his established practice of inquiring of God by Urim before taking key steps.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct reference to the men of Jabesh-gilead risking themselves to bury Saul's body.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
David's public anointing over Judah follows his initial private designative anointing by Samuel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Ish-bosheth is identified as Esh-baal in the genealogies; 'Baal' was replaced with 'Bosheth' (shame).
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Mahanaim, where Abner established Ish-bosheth, is the historical, patriarchal site of Jacob's camp.
Supported by JFB
Abner and Joab's 'play' illustrates Solomon's warning about the escalating bitterness of starting strife.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Abner's reluctance to slay Asahel stems from dread of blood-feud vengeance from Joab.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The 'fifth rib' is the exact fatal spot where Abner strikes Asahel, and Joab later murders Amasa.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Contextualizes David's rising strength, as many came to support him at Ziklag before Hebron.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Confirms the duration of David's reign in Hebron as seven years and six months.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies Joab, Abishai, and Asahel as sons of Zeruiah, David's sister.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Establishes Abner's relation to Saul as his cousin and commander of his host.
Supported by JFB
This initial battle initiates the long, bitter civil war between David and Saul's house.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Joab sounds the trumpet to halt pursuit, just as he later stops the civil conflict.
Supported by Matthew Poole