2 Samuel2
New Living Translation
1After this, David asked the Lord, “Should I move back to one of the towns of Judah?” “Yes,” the Lord replied. Then David asked, “Which town should I go to?” “To Hebron,” the Lord answered.
2David’s two wives were Ahinoam from Jezreel and Abigail, the widow of Nabal from Carmel. So David and his wives
3and his men and their families all moved to Judah, and they settled in the villages near Hebron.
4Then the men of Judah came to David and anointed him king over the people of Judah. When David heard that the men of Jabesh-gilead had buried Saul,
5he sent them this message: “May the Lord bless you for being so loyal to your master Saul and giving him a decent burial.
6May the Lord be loyal to you in return and reward you with his unfailing love! And I, too, will reward you for what you have done.
7Now that Saul is dead, I ask you to be my strong and loyal subjects like the people of Judah, who have anointed me as their new king.”
8But Abner son of Ner, the commander of Saul’s army, had already gone to Mahanaim with Saul’s son Ishbosheth.
9There he proclaimed Ishbosheth king over Gilead, Jezreel, Ephraim, Benjamin, the land of the Ashurites, and all the rest of Israel.
10Ishbosheth, Saul’s son, was forty years old when he became king, and he ruled from Mahanaim for two years. Meanwhile, the people of Judah remained loyal to David.
11David made Hebron his capital, and he ruled as king of Judah for seven and a half years.
12One day Abner led Ishbosheth’s troops from Mahanaim to Gibeon.
13About the same time, Joab son of Zeruiah led David’s troops out and met them at the pool of Gibeon. The two groups sat down there, facing each other from opposite sides of the pool.
14Then Abner suggested to Joab, “Let’s have a few of our warriors fight hand to hand here in front of us.” “All right,” Joab agreed.
15So twelve men were chosen to fight from each side—twelve men of Benjamin representing Ishbosheth son of Saul, and twelve representing David.
16Each one grabbed his opponent by the hair and thrust his sword into the other’s side so that all of them died. So this place at Gibeon has been known ever since as the Field of Swords.
17A fierce battle followed that day, and Abner and the men of Israel were defeated by the forces of David.
18Joab, Abishai, and Asahel—the three sons of Zeruiah—were among David’s forces that day. Asahel could run like a gazelle,
19and he began chasing Abner. He pursued him relentlessly, not stopping for anything.
20When Abner looked back and saw him coming, he called out, “Is that you, Asahel?” “Yes, it is,” he replied.
21“Go fight someone else!” Abner warned. “Take on one of the younger men, and strip him of his weapons.” But Asahel kept right on chasing Abner.
22Again Abner shouted to him, “Get away from here! I don’t want to kill you. How could I ever face your brother Joab again?”
23But Asahel refused to turn back, so Abner thrust the butt end of his spear through Asahel’s stomach, and the spear came out through his back. He stumbled to the ground and died there. And everyone who came by that spot stopped and stood still when they saw Asahel lying there.
24When Joab and Abishai found out what had happened, they set out after Abner. The sun was just going down as they arrived at the hill of Ammah near Giah, along the road to the wilderness of Gibeon.
25Abner’s troops from the tribe of Benjamin regrouped there at the top of the hill to take a stand.
26Abner shouted down to Joab, “Must we always be killing each other? Don’t you realize that bitterness is the only result? When will you call off your men from chasing their Israelite brothers?”
27Then Joab said, “God only knows what would have happened if you hadn’t spoken, for we would have chased you all night if necessary.”
28So Joab blew the ram’s horn, and his men stopped chasing the troops of Israel.
29All that night Abner and his men retreated through the Jordan Valley. They crossed the Jordan River, traveling all through the morning, and didn’t stop until they arrived at Mahanaim.
30Meanwhile, Joab and his men also returned home. When Joab counted his casualties, he discovered that only 19 men were missing in addition to Asahel.
31But 360 of Abner’s men had been killed, all from the tribe of Benjamin.
32Joab and his men took Asahel’s body to Bethlehem and buried him there in his father’s tomb. Then they traveled all night and reached Hebron at daybreak.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 2.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: David made king in Hebron. (1–7). Abner makes Ishbosheth king Battle between Abner's men and those of Joab. (8–17). Asahel slain by Abner. (25–32). Both parties retreat. (18–24).
vv1-7
After the death of Saul, many went to David at Ziklag, 1Ch 12:22, but he trusted in God who promised him the kingdom, to give it in his own time and manner. Yet assurance of hope in God's promise, will quicken pious endeavours. If I be chosen to the crown of life, it does not follow, Then I will do nothing; but, Then I will do all that God directs me. This good use David made of his election, and so will all whom God has chosen. In all our journeys and removes, it is comfortable to see God going before us; and we may do so, if by faith and prayer we set Him before us. God, according to the promise, directed David's path. David rose gradually: thus the kingdom of the Messiah, the Son of David, is set up by degrees; he is Lord of all, but we see not yet all things put under him.
vv8-17
The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young men fight before us, when he said, Let them play before us: fools thus make a mock at sin. But he is unworthy the name of a man, that can thus trifle with human blood.
vv18-24
Death often comes by ways we least suspect. We are often betrayed by the accomplishments we are proud of! Asahel's swiftness, which he presumed so much upon, did him no service, but hastened his end.
Key Words
אַחַר: properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
עָלָה: to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
אֶחָד: properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first
עִיר: a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
יְהוּדָה: Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
חֶבְרוֹן: Chebron, a place in Palestine, also the name of two Israelites
שָׁם: there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
שְׁנַיִם: two; also (as ordinal) twofold
Cross References
2 Samuel 2David continues his established practice of inquiring of God by Urim before taking key steps.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct reference to the men of Jabesh-gilead risking themselves to bury Saul's body.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
David's public anointing over Judah follows his initial private designative anointing by Samuel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Ish-bosheth is identified as Esh-baal in the genealogies; 'Baal' was replaced with 'Bosheth' (shame).
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Mahanaim, where Abner established Ish-bosheth, is the historical, patriarchal site of Jacob's camp.
Supported by JFB
Abner and Joab's 'play' illustrates Solomon's warning about the escalating bitterness of starting strife.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Abner's reluctance to slay Asahel stems from dread of blood-feud vengeance from Joab.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The 'fifth rib' is the exact fatal spot where Abner strikes Asahel, and Joab later murders Amasa.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Contextualizes David's rising strength, as many came to support him at Ziklag before Hebron.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Confirms the duration of David's reign in Hebron as seven years and six months.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies Joab, Abishai, and Asahel as sons of Zeruiah, David's sister.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Establishes Abner's relation to Saul as his cousin and commander of his host.
Supported by JFB
This initial battle initiates the long, bitter civil war between David and Saul's house.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Joab sounds the trumpet to halt pursuit, just as he later stops the civil conflict.
Supported by Matthew Poole