1 Samuel 30NLT
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1 Samuel30

New Living Translation

1Three days later, when David and his men arrived home at their town of Ziklag, they found that the Amalekites had made a raid into the Negev and Ziklag; they had crushed Ziklag and burned it to the ground.

2They had carried off the women and children and everyone else but without killing anyone.

3When David and his men saw the ruins and realized what had happened to their families,

4they wept until they could weep no more.

5David’s two wives, Ahinoam from Jezreel and Abigail, the widow of Nabal from Carmel, were among those captured.

6David was now in great danger because all his men were very bitter about losing their sons and daughters, and they began to talk of stoning him. But David found strength in the Lord his God.

7Then he said to Abiathar the priest, “Bring me the ephod!” So Abiathar brought it.

8Then David asked the Lord, “Should I chase after this band of raiders? Will I catch them?” And the Lord told him, “Yes, go after them. You will surely recover everything that was taken from you!”

9So David and his 600 men set out, and they came to the brook Besor.

10But 200 of the men were too exhausted to cross the brook, so David continued the pursuit with 400 men.

11Along the way they found an Egyptian man in a field and brought him to David. They gave him some bread to eat and water to drink.

12They also gave him part of a fig cake and two clusters of raisins, for he hadn’t had anything to eat or drink for three days and nights. Before long his strength returned.

13“To whom do you belong, and where do you come from?” David asked him. “I am an Egyptian—the slave of an Amalekite,” he replied. “My master abandoned me three days ago because I was sick.

14We were on our way back from raiding the Kerethites in the Negev, the territory of Judah, and the land of Caleb, and we had just burned Ziklag.”

15“Will you lead me to this band of raiders?” David asked. The young man replied, “If you take an oath in God’s name that you will not kill me or give me back to my master, then I will guide you to them.”

16So he led David to them, and they found the Amalekites spread out across the fields, eating and drinking and dancing with joy because of the vast amount of plunder they had taken from the Philistines and the land of Judah.

17David and his men rushed in among them and slaughtered them throughout that night and the entire next day until evening. None of the Amalekites escaped except 400 young men who fled on camels.

18David got back everything the Amalekites had taken, and he rescued his two wives.

19Nothing was missing: small or great, son or daughter, nor anything else that had been taken. David brought everything back.

20He also recovered all the flocks and herds, and his men drove them ahead of the other livestock. “This plunder belongs to David!” they said.

21Then David returned to the brook Besor and met up with the 200 men who had been left behind because they were too exhausted to go with him. They went out to meet David and his men, and David greeted them joyfully.

22But some evil troublemakers among David’s men said, “They didn’t go with us, so they can’t have any of the plunder we recovered. Give them their wives and children, and tell them to be gone.”

23But David said, “No, my brothers! Don’t be selfish with what the Lord has given us. He has kept us safe and helped us defeat the band of raiders that attacked us.

24Who will listen when you talk like this? We share and share alike—those who go to battle and those who guard the equipment.”

25From then on David made this a decree and regulation for Israel, and it is still followed today.

26When he arrived at Ziklag, David sent part of the plunder to the elders of Judah, who were his friends. “Here is a present for you, taken from the Lord’s enemies,” he said.

27The gifts were sent to the people of the following towns David had visited: Bethel, Ramoth-negev, Jattir,

28Aroer, Siphmoth, Eshtemoa,

29Racal, the towns of the Jerahmeelites, the towns of the Kenites,

30Hormah, Bor-ashan, Athach,

31Hebron, and all the other places David and his men had visited.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 30.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Ziklag spoiled by the Amalekites. (1–6). David overtakes the Amalekites. (7–15). He recovers what had been lost. (16–20). David's distribution of the spoil. (21–31).

vv1-6

When we go abroad in the way of our duty, we may comfortably hope that God will take care of our families in our absence, but not otherwise. If, when we come off a journey, we find our abode in peace, and not laid waste, as David here found his, let the Lord be praised for it. David's men murmured against him. Great faith must expect such severe trials. But, observe, that David was brought thus low, only just before he was raised to the throne. When things are at the worst with the church and people of God, then they begin to mend. David encouraged himself in the Lord his God. His men fretted at their loss, the soul of the people was bitter; their own discontent and impatience added to the affliction and misery. But David bore it better, though he had more reason than any of them to lament it. They gave liberty to their passions, but he set his graces to work; and while they dispirited each other, he, by encouraging himself in God, kept his spirit calm. Those who have taken the Lord for their God, may take encouragement from him in the worst times.

vv7-15

If in all our ways, even when, as in this case, there can be no doubt they are just, we acknowledge God, we may expect that he will direct our steps, as he did those of David. David, in tenderness to his men, would by no means urge them beyond their strength. The Son of David thus considers the frames of his followers, who are not all alike strong and vigorous in their spiritual pursuits and conflicts; but, where we are weak, there he is kind; nay more, there he is strong, 2Co 12:9, 10. A poor Egyptian lad, scarcely alive, is made the means of a great deal of good to David. Justly did Providence make this poor servant, who was basely used by his master, an instrument in the destruction of the Amalekites; for God hears the cry of the oppressed. Those are unworthy the name of true Israelites, who shut up their compassion from persons in distress. We should neither do an injury nor deny a kindness to any man; some time or other it may be in the power of the lowest to return a kindness or an injury.

vv16-20

Sinners are nearest to ruin, when they cry, Peace and safety, and put the evil day far from them. Nor does any thing give our spiritual enemies more advantage than sensuality and indulgence. Eating and drinking, and dancing, have been the soft and pleasant way in which many have gone down to the congregation of the dead. The spoil was recovered, and brought off; nothing was lost, but a great deal gained.

Cross References

1 Samuel 30
v24Numbers 31:27thematic

David establishes an ordinance dividing spoils between those who fight and those who tarry, following Moses' law.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v21 Samuel 27:11contrast

The Amalekites spared the women, contrasting with David's previous total destruction of their people.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v71 Samuel 23:9thematic

David calls for Abiathar and the ephod, repeating his pattern of seeking divine guidance in distress.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v7Numbers 27:21thematic

The Mosaic prescription for inquiring of God by the Urim before the priest.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v14Zephaniah 2:5thematic

Identifies the Cherethites explicitly as Philistine dwellers of the southern seacoast.

Supported by JFB

v18Genesis 14:16thematic

Typological parallel to Abraham pursuing captors and recovering all the persons and goods.

Supported by Matthew Henry

The immediate outcome of David's victory and generosity was a large accession of men.

Supported by JFB

The Amalekite invasion was direct retaliation for David's previous raids on their territory.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v12Judges 15:19thematic

The phrase 'his spirit came again' matches Samson's physical revival after drinking.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v221 Samuel 25:25thematic

Verbal echo of 'men of Belial' used previously by Abigail for foolish, worthless men.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v31Joshua 14:13thematic

Hebron, where David and his men haunted, is Caleb's ancient inheritance.

Supported by JFB

The Egyptian servant's request reflects the Mosaic law prohibiting the return of escaped servants.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Amalek's secure revelry and drunkenness before destruction echoes Nabal's carnal security.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v24Joshua 22:8thematic

Joshua's prior instruction to divide the spoil of enemies with brethren who stayed behind.

Supported by JFB

v26Genesis 33:11thematic

The term 'present' (Hebrew 'blessing') is used for a gift sent to friends.

Supported by Matthew Poole