1 Samuel29
New Living Translation
1The entire Philistine army now mobilized at Aphek, and the Israelites camped at the spring in Jezreel.
2As the Philistine rulers were leading out their troops in groups of hundreds and thousands, David and his men marched at the rear with King Achish.
3But the Philistine commanders demanded, “What are these Hebrews doing here?” And Achish told them, “This is David, the servant of King Saul of Israel. He’s been with me for years, and I’ve never found a single fault in him from the day he arrived until today.”
4But the Philistine commanders were angry. “Send him back to the town you’ve given him!” they demanded. “He can’t go into the battle with us. What if he turns against us in battle and becomes our adversary? Is there any better way for him to reconcile himself with his master than by handing our heads over to him?
5Isn’t this the same David about whom the women of Israel sing in their dances, ‘Saul has killed his thousands, and David his ten thousands’?”
6So Achish finally summoned David and said to him, “I swear by the Lord that you have been a trustworthy ally. I think you should go with me into battle, for I’ve never found a single flaw in you from the day you arrived until today. But the other Philistine rulers won’t hear of it.
7Please don’t upset them, but go back quietly.”
8“What have I done to deserve this treatment?” David demanded. “What have you ever found in your servant, that I can’t go and fight the enemies of my lord the king?”
9But Achish insisted, “As far as I’m concerned, you’re as perfect as an angel of God. But the Philistine commanders are afraid to have you with them in the battle.
10Now get up early in the morning, and leave with your men as soon as it gets light.”
11So David and his men headed back into the land of the Philistines, while the Philistine army went on to Jezreel.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 29.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: David objected to by the Philistines. (1–5). He is dismissed by Achish. (6–11).
vv1-5
David waited with a secret hope that the Lord would help him out of his difficulty. But he seems to have been influenced too much by the fear of man, in consenting to attend Achish. It is hard to come near to the brink of sin, and not to fall in. God inclined the princes of the Philistines to oppose David's being employed in the battle. Thus their dislike befriended him, when no friend could do him such a kindness.
vv6-11
David scarcely ever had a greater deliverance than when dismissed from such insnaring service. God's people should always behave themselves so, as, if possible, to get the good word of all they have dealings with: and it is due to those who have acted well, to speak well of them.
Key Words
פְּלִשְׁתִּי: a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth
קָבַץ: to grasp, i.e. collect
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
מַחֲנֶה: an encampment (of travellers or troops); hence, an army, whether literal (of soldiers) or figurative (of dancers, angels, cattle, locusts, stars; or even the sacred courts)
אֲפֵק: Aphek (or Aphik), the name of three places in Palestine
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
חָנָה: properly, to incline; by implication, to decline (of the slanting rays of evening); specifically, to pitch atent; gen. to encamp (for abode or siege)
עַיִן: an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
אֲשֶׁר: who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
יִזְרְעֵאל: Jizreel, the name of two places in Palestine and of two Israelites
Cross References
1 Samuel 29The exact song of David's superior triumphs cited by the suspicious Philistine princes.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Provides immediate context of the Philistines gathering to war against Israel.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Establishes the timeline ('these years' or 'days') of David's stay in Philistine territory.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Explicitly describes how Manassites fell to David as he returned from the Philistine army.
Supported by Matthew Poole
David's promise to Achish to serve in his rearward guard, leading to this predicament.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Earlier instance where Achish's servants recognized David by this same song.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Shows God's providence in dismissing David just in time to salvage Ziklag.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Historical precedent of Hebrew mercenaries turning against Philistines mid-battle to reconcile with Saul.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Echoes the proverbial comparison of David to 'an angel of God' in wisdom and integrity.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Geographical parallel tracing the Philistines' march toward Shunem and Jezreel.
Supported by JFB
Parallel wording of David defending his loyalty against suspected treachery.
Supported by Matthew Poole