1 Samuel29
New International Version
1The Philistines gathered all their forces at Aphek, and Israel camped by the spring in Jezreel.
2As the Philistine rulers marched with their units of hundreds and thousands, David and his men were marching at the rear with Achish.
3The commanders of the Philistines asked, “What about these Hebrews?” Achish replied, “Is this not David, who was an officer of Saul king of Israel? He has already been with me for over a year, and from the day he left Saul until now, I have found no fault in him.”
4But the Philistine commanders were angry with Achish and said, “Send the man back, that he may return to the place you assigned him. He must not go with us into battle, or he will turn against us during the fighting. How better could he regain his master’s favor than by taking the heads of our own men?
5Isn’t this the David they sang about in their dances: “‘Saul has slain his thousands, and David his tens of thousands’?”
6So Achish called David and said to him, “As surely as the Lord lives, you have been reliable, and I would be pleased to have you serve with me in the army. From the day you came to me until today, I have found no fault in you, but the rulers don’t approve of you.
7Now turn back and go in peace; do nothing to displease the Philistine rulers.”
8“But what have I done?” asked David. “What have you found against your servant from the day I came to you until now? Why can’t I go and fight against the enemies of my lord the king?”
9Achish answered, “I know that you have been as pleasing in my eyes as an angel of God; nevertheless, the Philistine commanders have said, ‘He must not go up with us into battle.’
10Now get up early, along with your master’s servants who have come with you, and leave in the morning as soon as it is light.”
11So David and his men got up early in the morning to go back to the land of the Philistines, and the Philistines went up to Jezreel.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 29.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: David objected to by the Philistines. (1–5). He is dismissed by Achish. (6–11).
vv1-5
David waited with a secret hope that the Lord would help him out of his difficulty. But he seems to have been influenced too much by the fear of man, in consenting to attend Achish. It is hard to come near to the brink of sin, and not to fall in. God inclined the princes of the Philistines to oppose David's being employed in the battle. Thus their dislike befriended him, when no friend could do him such a kindness.
vv6-11
David scarcely ever had a greater deliverance than when dismissed from such insnaring service. God's people should always behave themselves so, as, if possible, to get the good word of all they have dealings with: and it is due to those who have acted well, to speak well of them.
Key Words
פְּלִשְׁתִּי: a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth
קָבַץ: to grasp, i.e. collect
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
מַחֲנֶה: an encampment (of travellers or troops); hence, an army, whether literal (of soldiers) or figurative (of dancers, angels, cattle, locusts, stars; or even the sacred courts)
אֲפֵק: Aphek (or Aphik), the name of three places in Palestine
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
חָנָה: properly, to incline; by implication, to decline (of the slanting rays of evening); specifically, to pitch atent; gen. to encamp (for abode or siege)
עַיִן: an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
אֲשֶׁר: who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
יִזְרְעֵאל: Jizreel, the name of two places in Palestine and of two Israelites
Cross References
1 Samuel 29The exact song of David's superior triumphs cited by the suspicious Philistine princes.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Provides immediate context of the Philistines gathering to war against Israel.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Establishes the timeline ('these years' or 'days') of David's stay in Philistine territory.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Explicitly describes how Manassites fell to David as he returned from the Philistine army.
Supported by Matthew Poole
David's promise to Achish to serve in his rearward guard, leading to this predicament.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Earlier instance where Achish's servants recognized David by this same song.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Shows God's providence in dismissing David just in time to salvage Ziklag.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Historical precedent of Hebrew mercenaries turning against Philistines mid-battle to reconcile with Saul.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Echoes the proverbial comparison of David to 'an angel of God' in wisdom and integrity.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Geographical parallel tracing the Philistines' march toward Shunem and Jezreel.
Supported by JFB
Parallel wording of David defending his loyalty against suspected treachery.
Supported by Matthew Poole