1 Samuel30
English Standard Version
Tap any underlined word for the original Hebrew or Greek.
1 Now when and his to on the , the had against the and against . They had and it with
2 and taken the and all were in it, . They , but carried them and their .
3 And when and his to the , they it with , and their and and taken .
4 Then and the were with him their and they had more to .
5 also had been taken , of and the of of .
6 And was , the of him, the were in , for his and . But himself in the Lord his .
7 And to the , the of , Bring the . So the to .
8 And of the Lord, Shall I ? Shall I them? He him, , you shall and shall .
9 So , and the were with him, and they the , where those who were .
10 But , he and . , were too to the .
11 They an in the open and him to . And they him and he . They him to ,
12 and they him a of a and . And when he had , his , he had for and .
13 And to him, To do you belong? And are you ? He , I am a of , to an , and my I fell ago.
14 We had against the of the and that belongs to and the of , and we with .
15 And to him, Will you to ? And he , to me by that you will me me into the of my , and I will to this .
16 And when he had , , they were the , and and , because of the had the of the and the of .
17 And the of the , and a of them , , who and .
18 the had , and his .
19 was , , or , had been . .
20 also the and , and the the , and , is .
21 Then to the had been too to , and who had been at the . And they to and to the were with him. And when to the he them.
22 Then the and among the had with , they did us, we will them of the we have , except each may his and , and .
23 But , You shall , my , with the Lord has us. He has us and into our the that us.
24 would to you in ? as his is who into the , so shall his be who the . They shall .
25 And he it a and a for that .
26 When to , he part the to his , the of , , is a for you the of the of the Lord.
27 in , in of the , in ,
28 in , in , in ,
29 in , in the of the , in the of the ,
30 in , in , in ,
31 in , for the and his had .
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1 Samuel 30Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 30. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Ziklag spoiled by the Amalekites. (1–6). David overtakes the Amalekites. (7–15). He recovers what had been lost. (16–20). David's distribution of the spoil. (21–31).
vv1-6
When we go abroad in the way of our duty, we may comfortably hope that God will take care of our families in our absence, but not otherwise. If, when we come off a journey, we find our abode in peace, and not laid waste, as David here found his, let the Lord be praised for it. David's men murmured against him. Great faith must expect such severe trials. But, observe, that David was brought thus low, only just before he was raised to the throne. When things are at the worst with the church and people of God, then they begin to mend. David encouraged himself in the Lord his God. His men fretted at their loss, the soul of the people was bitter; their own discontent and impatience added to the affliction and misery. But David bore it better, though he had more reason than any of them to lament it. They gave liberty to their passions, but he set his graces to work; and while they dispirited each other, he, by encouraging himself in God, kept his spirit calm. Those who have taken the Lord for their God, may take encouragement from him in the worst times.
vv7-15
If in all our ways, even when, as in this case, there can be no doubt they are just, we acknowledge God, we may expect that he will direct our steps, as he did those of David. David, in tenderness to his men, would by no means urge them beyond their strength. The Son of David thus considers the frames of his followers, who are not all alike strong and vigorous in their spiritual pursuits and conflicts; but, where we are weak, there he is kind; nay more, there he is strong, 2Co 12:9, 10. A poor Egyptian lad, scarcely alive, is made the means of a great deal of good to David. Justly did Providence make this poor servant, who was basely used by his master, an instrument in the destruction of the Amalekites; for God hears the cry of the oppressed. Those are unworthy the name of true Israelites, who shut up their compassion from persons in distress. We should neither do an injury nor deny a kindness to any man; some time or other it may be in the power of the lowest to return a kindness or an injury.
vv16-20
Sinners are nearest to ruin, when they cry, Peace and safety, and put the evil day far from them. Nor does any thing give our spiritual enemies more advantage than sensuality and indulgence. Eating and drinking, and dancing, have been the soft and pleasant way in which many have gone down to the congregation of the dead. The spoil was recovered, and brought off; nothing was lost, but a great deal gained.
Key Words
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
אֱנוֹשׁ: a man in general (singly or collectively)
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
צִקְלַג: Tsiklag or Tsikelag, a place in Palestine
שְׁלִישִׁי: third; feminine athird (part); by extension, a third (day, year or time); specifically, a third-story cell)
יוֹם: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
עֲמָלֵקִי: an Amalekite (or collectively the Amalekites) or descendants of Amalek
פָּשַׁט: to spread out (i.e. deploy in hostile array); by analogy, to strip (i.e. unclothe, plunder, flay, etc.)
נֶגֶב: the south (from its drought); specifically, the Negeb or southern district of Judah, occasionally, Egypt (as south to Palestine)
נָכָה: to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
Cross References
1 Samuel 30David establishes an ordinance dividing spoils between those who fight and those who tarry, following Moses' law.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The Amalekites spared the women, contrasting with David's previous total destruction of their people.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
David calls for Abiathar and the ephod, repeating his pattern of seeking divine guidance in distress.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Mosaic prescription for inquiring of God by the Urim before the priest.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies the Cherethites explicitly as Philistine dwellers of the southern seacoast.
Supported by JFB
Typological parallel to Abraham pursuing captors and recovering all the persons and goods.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The immediate outcome of David's victory and generosity was a large accession of men.
Supported by JFB
The Amalekite invasion was direct retaliation for David's previous raids on their territory.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The phrase 'his spirit came again' matches Samson's physical revival after drinking.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal echo of 'men of Belial' used previously by Abigail for foolish, worthless men.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Hebron, where David and his men haunted, is Caleb's ancient inheritance.
Supported by JFB
The Egyptian servant's request reflects the Mosaic law prohibiting the return of escaped servants.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Amalek's secure revelry and drunkenness before destruction echoes Nabal's carnal security.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Joshua's prior instruction to divide the spoil of enemies with brethren who stayed behind.
Supported by JFB
The term 'present' (Hebrew 'blessing') is used for a gift sent to friends.
Supported by Matthew Poole