Numbers 31ESV
Books
All books

Numbers31

English Standard Version

1The Lord to , ,

2 the of on the . you shall be to your .

3So to the , , from among you for the , that they may go to the Lord ’s on .

4You shall a from of the of to the .

5So there were , of the of , a from each , for .

6And them to the , a from each , together with the of the , with the of the and the for the in his .

7They , the Lord , and .

8They the of with the of their , , , , , and , the of . And they also the of with the .

9And the of took the of and their , and they their , their , and their .

10 their in the places where they , and their , they with ,

11and the and the , both of and of .

12Then they the and the and the to , and to the , and to the of the of , at the on the of the at .

13 and the and the of the to them the .

14And was with the of the , the of and the of , who had from in the .

15 to them, Have you the ?

16 , , on , the of to against the Lord in the of , and so the came among the of the Lord.

17 therefore, among the , and who has by with .

18But the have by with him for yourselves.

19 the . of you has any and has any , yourselves and your on the and on the .

20You shall , of , of , and of .

21Then the to the in the who had to : is the of the the Lord has :

22 the , the , the , the , the , and the ,

23 that can the , you shall the , and it shall be . , it shall also be with the for . And the , you shall the .

24You must your on the , and you shall be . And you may come the .

25The Lord to ,

26 the of the that was , both of and of , you and the and the of the of the ,

27and the into two the who went to and the .

28And for the Lord a the of who went to , out of , of the and of the and of the and of the .

29 it their and it to the as a to the Lord.

30And the of you shall every , the , the , of the , and the , the , and them to the who over the of the Lord.

31And and the the Lord .

32Now the of the the was ,

33 ,

34 ,

35and in , had by with him.

36And the , the of those who had in the , ,

37and the Lord ’s of was .

38The were , of which the Lord ’s was .

39The were , of which the Lord ’s was .

40The were , of which the Lord ’s was .

41And the , which was the for the Lord, to the , the Lord .

42From the of , that of the who had served in the

43now the was ,

44 ,

45and ,

46and

47 the of , both and , and them to the who over the of the Lord, the Lord .

48Then the were over the of the , the of and the of , came to

49and to , Your have the of are under our , and there is a missing us.

50And we have the Lord ’s , each , of , and , , , and , to make for the Lord.

51And and the from them the , .

52And the of the they to the Lord, from the of and the of , was .

53(The in the had taken for himself.)

54And and the the from the of and of , and it into the of , as a for the of the Lord.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Numbers 31.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: War with Midian. (1–6). Balaam slain. (7–12). Those slain who caused sin. (13–38). Purification of the Israelites. (39–24). Division of the spoil. (25–47). Offerings. (48–54).

vv1-6

All who, without commission from God, dare to execute private revenge, and who, from ambition, covetousness, or resentment, wage war and desolate kingdoms, must one day answer for it. But if God, instead of sending an earthquake, a pestilence, or a famine, be pleased to authorize and command any people to avenge his cause, such a commission surely is just and right. The Israelites could show such a commission, though no persons now can do so. Their wars were begun and carried on expressly by Divine direction, and they were enabled to conquer by miracles. Unless it can be proved that the wicked Canaanites did not deserve their doom, objectors only prove their dislike to God, and their love to his enemies. Man makes light of the evil of sin, but God abhors it. This explains the terrible executions of the nations which had filled the measure of their sins.

vv7-12

The Israelites slew the Kings of Midian. They slew Balaam. God's overruling providence brought him thither, and their just vengeance found him. Had he himself rightly believed what he had said of the happy state of Israel, he would not have thus herded with the enemies of Israel. The Midianites' wicked wiles were Balaam's projects: it was just that he should perish with them, Ho 4:5. They took the women and children captives. They burnt their cities and castles, and returned to the camp.

vv13-18

The sword of war should spare women and children; but the sword of justice should know no distinction, but that of guilty or not guilty. This war was the execution of a righteous sentence upon a guilty nation, in which the women were the worst criminals. The female children were spared, who, being brought up among the Israelites, would not tempt them to idolatry. The whole history shows the hatefulness of sin, and the guilt of tempting others; it teaches us to avoid all occasions of evil, and to give no quarter to inward lusts. The women and children were not kept for sinful purposes, but for slaves, a custom every where practised in former times, as to captives. In the course of providence, when famine and plagues visit a nation for sin, children suffer in the common calamity. In this case parents are punished in their children; and for children dying before actual sin, full provision is made as to their eternal happiness, by the mercy of God in Christ.

Cross References

Numbers 31

Direct command to vex the Midianites for their deceit in the matter of Peor.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v16Numbers 25:1-3thematic

The explicit historical trigger where Midianite women seduced Israel to trespass at Baal-peor.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v6Numbers 10:9thematic

Ordinance requiring the sounding of trumpets by priests in times of war.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v8Joshua 13:21-22thematic

Confirms the death of the five Midianite kings and Balaam by the sword.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v6Numbers 25:7-13thematic

Phinehas, who previously executed judgment at Peor, is sent to lead the holy instruments.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

General law of warfare directing the slaying of males while taking spoil.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v16Revelation 2:14thematic

New Testament exposure of Balaam's counsel to Balak to cast a stumblingblock.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

David's established statute echoing this division of spoil between combatants and non-combatants.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v7Judges 6:1-2contrast

Shows Midian's survival and subsequent oppression of Israel, illustrating incomplete destruction.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v82 Peter 2:15thematic

Apostolic commentary on Balaam, who loved the wages of unrighteousness.

Supported by JFB

v16Micah 6:5thematic

Prophetic call to remember what Balak consulted and what Balaam answered.

Supported by JFB

v19Numbers 19:11-12thematic

Laws of purification for touching a dead body on third and seventh days.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v50Exodus 30:12-16thematic

The prescription for ransom money to make atonement for souls.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v8Numbers 24:25thematic

Balaam's departure toward his place before his fatal return to Midian.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v30Numbers 18:21-24thematic

The standard ordinance allocating tithes and offerings to the Levites.

Supported by Matthew Henry