1 Chronicles11
New International Version
1All Israel came together to David at Hebron and said, “We are your own flesh and blood.
2In the past, even while Saul was king, you were the one who led Israel on their military campaigns. And the Lord your God said to you, ‘You will shepherd my people Israel, and you will become their ruler.’”
3When all the elders of Israel had come to King David at Hebron, he made a covenant with them at Hebron before the Lord, and they anointed David king over Israel, as the Lord had promised through Samuel.
4David and all the Israelites marched to Jerusalem (that is, Jebus). The Jebusites who lived there
5said to David, “You will not get in here.” Nevertheless, David captured the fortress of Zion—which is the City of David.
6David had said, “Whoever leads the attack on the Jebusites will become commander in chief.” Joab son of Zeruiah went up first, and so he received the command.
7David then took up residence in the fortress, and so it was called the City of David.
8He built up the city around it, from the terraces to the surrounding wall, while Joab restored the rest of the city.
9And David became more and more powerful, because the Lord Almighty was with him.
10These were the chiefs of David’s mighty warriors—they, together with all Israel, gave his kingship strong support to extend it over the whole land, as the Lord had promised—
11this is the list of David’s mighty warriors: Jashobeam, a Hakmonite, was chief of the officers; he raised his spear against three hundred men, whom he killed in one encounter.
12Next to him was Eleazar son of Dodai the Ahohite, one of the three mighty warriors.
13He was with David at Pas Dammim when the Philistines gathered there for battle. At a place where there was a field full of barley, the troops fled from the Philistines.
14But they took their stand in the middle of the field. They defended it and struck the Philistines down, and the Lord brought about a great victory.
15Three of the thirty chiefs came down to David to the rock at the cave of Adullam, while a band of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim.
16At that time David was in the stronghold, and the Philistine garrison was at Bethlehem.
17David longed for water and said, “Oh, that someone would get me a drink of water from the well near the gate of Bethlehem!”
18So the Three broke through the Philistine lines, drew water from the well near the gate of Bethlehem and carried it back to David. But he refused to drink it; instead, he poured it out to the Lord.
19“God forbid that I should do this!” he said. “Should I drink the blood of these men who went at the risk of their lives?” Because they risked their lives to bring it back, David would not drink it. Such were the exploits of the three mighty warriors.
20Abishai the brother of Joab was chief of the Three. He raised his spear against three hundred men, whom he killed, and so he became as famous as the Three.
21He was doubly honored above the Three and became their commander, even though he was not included among them.
22Benaiah son of Jehoiada, a valiant fighter from Kabzeel, performed great exploits. He struck down Moab’s two mightiest warriors. He also went down into a pit on a snowy day and killed a lion.
23And he struck down an Egyptian who was five cubits tall. Although the Egyptian had a spear like a weaver’s rod in his hand, Benaiah went against him with a club. He snatched the spear from the Egyptian’s hand and killed him with his own spear.
24Such were the exploits of Benaiah son of Jehoiada; he too was as famous as the three mighty warriors.
25He was held in greater honor than any of the Thirty, but he was not included among the Three. And David put him in charge of his bodyguard.
26The mighty warriors were: Asahel the brother of Joab, Elhanan son of Dodo from Bethlehem,
27Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite,
28Ira son of Ikkesh from Tekoa, Abiezer from Anathoth,
29Sibbekai the Hushathite, Ilai the Ahohite,
30Maharai the Netophathite, Heled son of Baanah the Netophathite,
31Ithai son of Ribai from Gibeah in Benjamin, Benaiah the Pirathonite,
32Hurai from the ravines of Gaash, Abiel the Arbathite,
33Azmaveth the Baharumite, Eliahba the Shaalbonite,
34the sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan son of Shagee the Hararite,
35Ahiam son of Sakar the Hararite, Eliphal son of Ur,
36Hepher the Mekerathite, Ahijah the Pelonite,
37Hezro the Carmelite, Naarai son of Ezbai,
38Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar son of Hagri,
39Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Berothite, the armor-bearer of Joab son of Zeruiah,
40Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,
41Uriah the Hittite, Zabad son of Ahlai,
42Adina son of Shiza the Reubenite, who was chief of the Reubenites, and the thirty with him,
43Hanan son of Maakah, Joshaphat the Mithnite,
44Uzzia the Ashterathite, Shama and Jeiel the sons of Hotham the Aroerite,
45Jediael son of Shimri, his brother Joha the Tizite,
46Eliel the Mahavite, Jeribai and Joshaviah the sons of Elnaam, Ithmah the Moabite,
47Eliel, Obed and Jaasiel the Mezobaite.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Chronicles 11.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: David raised to the throne. (1–9). A list of David's mighty men. (10–47).
vv1-9
David was brought to possess the throne of Israel after he had reigned seven years in Hebron, over Judah only. God's counsels will be fulfilled at last, whatever difficulties lie in the way. The way to be truly great, is to be really useful, to devote all our talents to the Lord.
vv10-47
An account is given of David's worthies, the great men who served him. Yet David reckoned his success, not as from the mighty men that were with him, but from the mighty God, whose presence is all in all. In strengthening him, they strengthened themselves and their own interest, for his advancement was theirs. We shall gain by what we do in our places for the support of the kingdom of the Son of David; and those that are faithful to Him, shall find their names registered much more to their honour, than these are in the records of fame.
Key Words
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
קָבַץ: to grasp, i.e. collect
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
חֶבְרוֹן: Chebron, a place in Palestine, also the name of two Israelites
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
הִנֵּה: lo!
עֶצֶם: a bone (as strong); by extension, the body; figuratively, the substance, i.e. (as pron.) selfsame
בָּשָׂר: flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body, person; also (by euphemistically) the pudenda of aman
שִׁלְשׁוֹם: trebly, i.e. (in time) day before yesterday
Cross References
1 Chronicles 11Parallel account of all Israel anointing David king at Hebron and conquering Jerusalem.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel listing of David's mighty men, explaining Jashobeam (Adino) and the slain.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Verbatim parallel: 'thou wast he that leddest out and broughtest in Israel.'
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel describing the elders of Israel covenanting and anointing David king in Hebron.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel account of David taking Jebus (Jerusalem) from the Jebusites.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct parallel for the exploits of the thirty, the Bethlehem well, and listing of heroes.
Supported by JFB
Parallel for David longing for water from the well of Bethlehem.
Supported by JFB
Direct parallel detailing Benaiah's valorous exploits, including slaying the lion in a pit.
Supported by JFB
Sovereign coronation precedent where public covenanting/anointing confirms kingship before the Lord.
Supported by JFB
Parallel showing Eleazar the son of Dodo's heroic stand against the Philistines.
Supported by JFB
Idiomatic expression of close kinship: 'Behold, we are thy bone and thy flesh.'
Prophetic fulfillment of the Shepherd-Ruler of Israel rising from Bethlehem.
The parallel account of David's challenge to smite the Jebusites.
Historical location context for the cave of Adullam where David took refuge.
Parallel passage describing Benaiah slaying the massive Egyptian with his own spear.