1 Chronicles11
New Living Translation
1Then all Israel gathered before David at Hebron and told him, “We are your own flesh and blood.
2In the past, even when Saul was king, you were the one who really led the forces of Israel. And the Lord your God told you, ‘You will be the shepherd of my people Israel. You will be the leader of my people Israel.’”
3So there at Hebron, David made a covenant before the Lord with all the elders of Israel. And they anointed him king of Israel, just as the Lord had promised through Samuel.
4Then David and all Israel went to Jerusalem (or Jebus, as it used to be called), where the Jebusites, the original inhabitants of the land, were living.
5The people of Jebus taunted David, saying, “You’ll never get in here!” But David captured the fortress of Zion, which is now called the City of David.
6David had said to his troops, “Whoever is first to attack the Jebusites will become the commander of my armies!” And Joab, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah, was first to attack, so he became the commander of David’s armies.
7David made the fortress his home, and that is why it is called the City of David.
8He extended the city from the supporting terraces to the surrounding area, while Joab rebuilt the rest of Jerusalem.
9And David became more and more powerful, because the Lord of Heaven’s Armies was with him.
10These are the leaders of David’s mighty warriors. Together with all Israel, they decided to make David their king, just as the Lord had promised concerning Israel.
11Here is the record of David’s mightiest warriors: The first was Jashobeam the Hacmonite, who was leader of the Three—the mightiest warriors among David’s men. He once used his spear to kill 300 enemy warriors in a single battle.
12Next in rank among the Three was Eleazar son of Dodai, a descendant of Ahoah.
13He was with David when the Philistines gathered for battle at Pas-dammim and attacked the Israelites in a field full of barley. The Israelite army fled,
14but Eleazar and David held their ground in the middle of the field and beat back the Philistines. So the Lord saved them by giving them a great victory.
15Once when David was at the rock near the cave of Adullam, the Philistine army was camped in the valley of Rephaim. The Three (who were among the Thirty—an elite group among David’s fighting men) went down to meet him there.
16David was staying in the stronghold at the time, and a Philistine detachment had occupied the town of Bethlehem.
17David remarked longingly to his men, “Oh, how I would love some of that good water from the well by the gate in Bethlehem.”
18So the Three broke through the Philistine lines, drew some water from the well by the gate in Bethlehem, and brought it back to David. But David refused to drink it. Instead, he poured it out as an offering to the Lord.
19“God forbid that I should drink this!” he exclaimed. “This water is as precious as the blood of these men who risked their lives to bring it to me.” So David did not drink it. These are examples of the exploits of the Three.
20Abishai, the brother of Joab, was the leader of the Thirty. He once used his spear to kill 300 enemy warriors in a single battle. It was by such feats that he became as famous as the Three.
21Abishai was the most famous of the Thirty and was their commander, though he was not one of the Three.
22There was also Benaiah son of Jehoiada, a valiant warrior from Kabzeel. He did many heroic deeds, which included killing two champions of Moab. Another time, on a snowy day, he chased a lion down into a pit and killed it.
23Once, armed only with a club, he killed an Egyptian warrior who was 7 1⁄2 feet tall and who was armed with a spear as thick as a weaver’s beam. Benaiah wrenched the spear from the Egyptian’s hand and killed him with it.
24Deeds like these made Benaiah as famous as the three mightiest warriors.
25He was more honored than the other members of the Thirty, though he was not one of the Three. And David made him captain of his bodyguard.
26David’s mighty warriors also included: Asahel, Joab’s brother; Elhanan son of Dodo from Bethlehem;
27Shammah from Harod; Helez from Pelon;
28Ira son of Ikkesh from Tekoa; Abiezer from Anathoth;
29Sibbecai from Hushah; Zalmon from Ahoah;
30Maharai from Netophah; Heled son of Baanah from Netophah;
31Ithai son of Ribai from Gibeah (in the land of Benjamin); Benaiah from Pirathon;
32Hurai from near Nahale-gaash; Abi-albon from Arabah;
33Azmaveth from Bahurim; Eliahba from Shaalbon;
34the sons of Jashen from Gizon; Jonathan son of Shagee from Harar;
35Ahiam son of Sharar from Harar; Eliphal son of Ur;
36Hepher from Mekerah; Ahijah from Pelon;
37Hezro from Carmel; Paarai son of Ezbai;
38Joel, the brother of Nathan; Mibhar son of Hagri;
39Zelek from Ammon; Naharai from Beeroth, the armor bearer of Joab son of Zeruiah;
40Ira from Jattir; Gareb from Jattir;
41Uriah the Hittite; Zabad son of Ahlai;
42Adina son of Shiza, the Reubenite leader who had thirty men with him;
43Hanan son of Maacah; Joshaphat from Mithna;
44Uzzia from Ashtaroth; Shama and Jeiel, the sons of Hotham, from Aroer;
45Jediael son of Shimri; Joha, his brother, from Tiz;
46Eliel from Mahavah; Jeribai and Joshaviah, the sons of Elnaam; Ithmah from Moab;
47Eliel and Obed; Jaasiel from Zobah.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Chronicles 11.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: David raised to the throne. (1–9). A list of David's mighty men. (10–47).
vv1-9
David was brought to possess the throne of Israel after he had reigned seven years in Hebron, over Judah only. God's counsels will be fulfilled at last, whatever difficulties lie in the way. The way to be truly great, is to be really useful, to devote all our talents to the Lord.
vv10-47
An account is given of David's worthies, the great men who served him. Yet David reckoned his success, not as from the mighty men that were with him, but from the mighty God, whose presence is all in all. In strengthening him, they strengthened themselves and their own interest, for his advancement was theirs. We shall gain by what we do in our places for the support of the kingdom of the Son of David; and those that are faithful to Him, shall find their names registered much more to their honour, than these are in the records of fame.
Key Words
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
קָבַץ: to grasp, i.e. collect
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
חֶבְרוֹן: Chebron, a place in Palestine, also the name of two Israelites
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
הִנֵּה: lo!
עֶצֶם: a bone (as strong); by extension, the body; figuratively, the substance, i.e. (as pron.) selfsame
בָּשָׂר: flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body, person; also (by euphemistically) the pudenda of aman
שִׁלְשׁוֹם: trebly, i.e. (in time) day before yesterday
Cross References
1 Chronicles 11Parallel account of all Israel anointing David king at Hebron and conquering Jerusalem.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel listing of David's mighty men, explaining Jashobeam (Adino) and the slain.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Verbatim parallel: 'thou wast he that leddest out and broughtest in Israel.'
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel describing the elders of Israel covenanting and anointing David king in Hebron.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel account of David taking Jebus (Jerusalem) from the Jebusites.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct parallel for the exploits of the thirty, the Bethlehem well, and listing of heroes.
Supported by JFB
Parallel for David longing for water from the well of Bethlehem.
Supported by JFB
Direct parallel detailing Benaiah's valorous exploits, including slaying the lion in a pit.
Supported by JFB
Sovereign coronation precedent where public covenanting/anointing confirms kingship before the Lord.
Supported by JFB
Parallel showing Eleazar the son of Dodo's heroic stand against the Philistines.
Supported by JFB
Idiomatic expression of close kinship: 'Behold, we are thy bone and thy flesh.'
Prophetic fulfillment of the Shepherd-Ruler of Israel rising from Bethlehem.
The parallel account of David's challenge to smite the Jebusites.
Historical location context for the cave of Adullam where David took refuge.
Parallel passage describing Benaiah slaying the massive Egyptian with his own spear.