1 Chronicles11
New American Standard
1Then all Israel gathered to David at Hebron and said, “Behold, we are your bone and your flesh.
2In times past, even when Saul was king, you were the one who led out and brought in Israel; and the Lord your God said to you, ‘You shall shepherd My people Israel, and you shall be leader over My people Israel.’”
3So all the elders of Israel came to the king at Hebron, and David made a covenant with them in Hebron before the Lord; and they anointed David king over Israel, in accordance with the word of the Lord through Samuel.
4Then David and all Israel went to Jerusalem (that is, Jebus); and the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land, were there.
5The inhabitants of Jebus said to David, “You shall not enter here.” Nevertheless David took the mountain stronghold of Zion (that is, the city of David).
6Now David had said, “Whoever is first to kill a Jebusite shall be chief and commander.” Joab the son of Zeruiah went up first, so he became chief.
7Then David lived in the stronghold; therefore it was called the city of David.
8He built the city all around, from the Millo to the surrounding area; and Joab repaired the rest of the city.
9And David became greater and greater, for the Lord of armies was with him.
10Now these are the heads of the mighty men whom David had, who remained faithful to him in his kingdom, together with all Israel, to make him king, in accordance with the word of the Lord concerning Israel.
11These constitute the list of David’s mighty men: Jashobeam, the son of a Hachmonite, the chief of the thirty; he wielded his spear against three hundred whom he killed at one time.
12After him was Eleazar the son of Dodo, the Ahohite, who was one of the three mighty men.
13He was with David at Pas-dammim when the Philistines were gathered together there to battle, and there was a plot of land full of barley; and the people fled from the Philistines.
14But they took their stand in the midst of the plot and defended it, and defeated the Philistines; and the Lord saved them with a great victory.
15Now three of the thirty chief men went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam, while the army of the Philistines was camping in the Valley of Rephaim.
16David was then in the stronghold, while the garrison of the Philistines was then in Bethlehem.
17And David had a craving and said, “Oh that someone would give me water to drink from the well of Bethlehem, which is by the gate!”
18So the three broke through the camp of the Philistines and drew water from the well of Bethlehem which was by the gate, and took it and brought it to David; however, David would not drink it, but poured it out to the Lord;
19and he said, “Far be it from me before my God that I would do this. Shall I drink the blood of these men who went at the risk of their lives? For they brought it at the risk of their lives.” Therefore he would not drink it. The three mighty men did these things.
20As for Abshai the brother of Joab, he was chief of the thirty, and he wielded his spear against three hundred and killed them; and he had a name as well as the thirty.
21Of the three in the second rank he was the most honored, and he became their commander; however, he did not attain the reputation of the first three.
22Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a warrior of Kabzeel, mighty in deeds, struck and killed the two sons of Ariel of Moab. He also went down and struck and killed a lion inside a pit on a snowy day.
23And he killed an Egyptian, a man of great stature five cubits tall. Now in the Egyptian’s hand was a spear like a weaver’s beam, but he went down to him with a club and snatched the spear from the Egyptian’s hand and killed him with his own spear.
24Benaiah the son of Jehoiada did these things, and had a name as well as the three mighty men.
25Behold, he was honored among the thirty, but he did not attain the reputation of the first three; and David appointed him over his bodyguard.
26Now the mighty men of the armies were Asahel the brother of Joab, Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem,
27Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite,
28Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, Abiezer the Anathothite,
29Sibbecai the Hushathite, Ilai the Ahohite,
30Maharai the Netophathite, Heled the son of Baanah the Netophathite,
31Ithai the son of Ribai of Gibeah of the sons of Benjamin, Benaiah the Pirathonite,
32Hurai of the brooks of Gaash, Abiel the Arbathite,
33Azmaveth the Baharumite, Eliahba the Shaalbonite,
34the sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shagee the Hararite,
35Ahiam the son of Sacar the Hararite, Eliphal the son of Ur,
36Hepher the Mecherathite, Ahijah the Pelonite,
37Hezro the Carmelite, Naarai the son of Ezbai,
38Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar the son of Hagri,
39Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Berothite, the armor bearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah,
40Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,
41Uriah the Hittite, Zabad the son of Ahlai,
42Adina the son of Shiza the Reubenite, a chief of the Reubenites, and thirty with him,
43Hanan the son of Maacah and Joshaphat the Mithnite,
44Uzzia the Ashterathite, Shama and Jeiel the sons of Hotham the Aroerite,
45Jediael the son of Shimri and his brother Joha the Tizite,
46Eliel the Mahavite, and Jeribai and Joshaviah, the sons of Elnaam, Ithmah the Moabite,
47Eliel, Obed, and Jaasiel the Mezobaite.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Chronicles 11.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: David raised to the throne. (1–9). A list of David's mighty men. (10–47).
vv1-9
David was brought to possess the throne of Israel after he had reigned seven years in Hebron, over Judah only. God's counsels will be fulfilled at last, whatever difficulties lie in the way. The way to be truly great, is to be really useful, to devote all our talents to the Lord.
vv10-47
An account is given of David's worthies, the great men who served him. Yet David reckoned his success, not as from the mighty men that were with him, but from the mighty God, whose presence is all in all. In strengthening him, they strengthened themselves and their own interest, for his advancement was theirs. We shall gain by what we do in our places for the support of the kingdom of the Son of David; and those that are faithful to Him, shall find their names registered much more to their honour, than these are in the records of fame.
Key Words
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
קָבַץ: to grasp, i.e. collect
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
חֶבְרוֹן: Chebron, a place in Palestine, also the name of two Israelites
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
הִנֵּה: lo!
עֶצֶם: a bone (as strong); by extension, the body; figuratively, the substance, i.e. (as pron.) selfsame
בָּשָׂר: flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body, person; also (by euphemistically) the pudenda of aman
שִׁלְשׁוֹם: trebly, i.e. (in time) day before yesterday
Cross References
1 Chronicles 11Parallel account of all Israel anointing David king at Hebron and conquering Jerusalem.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel listing of David's mighty men, explaining Jashobeam (Adino) and the slain.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Verbatim parallel: 'thou wast he that leddest out and broughtest in Israel.'
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel describing the elders of Israel covenanting and anointing David king in Hebron.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel account of David taking Jebus (Jerusalem) from the Jebusites.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct parallel for the exploits of the thirty, the Bethlehem well, and listing of heroes.
Supported by JFB
Parallel for David longing for water from the well of Bethlehem.
Supported by JFB
Direct parallel detailing Benaiah's valorous exploits, including slaying the lion in a pit.
Supported by JFB
Sovereign coronation precedent where public covenanting/anointing confirms kingship before the Lord.
Supported by JFB
Parallel showing Eleazar the son of Dodo's heroic stand against the Philistines.
Supported by JFB
Idiomatic expression of close kinship: 'Behold, we are thy bone and thy flesh.'
Prophetic fulfillment of the Shepherd-Ruler of Israel rising from Bethlehem.
The parallel account of David's challenge to smite the Jebusites.
Historical location context for the cave of Adullam where David took refuge.
Parallel passage describing Benaiah slaying the massive Egyptian with his own spear.