2 Samuel 23NASB
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2 Samuel23

New American Standard

1Now these are the last words of David. David the son of Jesse declares, The man who was raised on high, The anointed of the God of Jacob And the sweet psalmist of Israel, declares,

2“The Spirit of the Lord spoke through me, And His word was on my tongue.

3The God of Israel said it; The Rock of Israel spoke to me: ‘He who rules over mankind righteously, Who rules in the fear of God,

4Is like the light of the morning when the sun rises, A morning without clouds, When the fresh grass springs out of the earth From sunshine after rain.’

5Is my house not indeed so with God? For He has made an everlasting covenant with me, Properly ordered in all things, and secured; For will He not indeed make All my salvation and all my delight grow?

6But the worthless, every one of them, are like scattered thorns, Because they cannot be taken in hand;

7Instead, the man who touches them Must be armed with iron and the shaft of a spear, And they will be completely burned with fire in their place.”

8These are the names of the mighty men whom David had: Josheb-basshebeth, a Tahchemonite, chief of the captains; he was called Adino the Eznite because of eight hundred who were killed by him at one time.

9And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men with David when they defied the Philistines who were gathered there to battle and the men of Israel had withdrawn.

10He rose up and struck the Philistines until his hand was weary and it clung to the sword, and the Lord brought about a great victory that day; and the people returned after him only to plunder the dead.

11Now after him was Shammah the son of Agee, a Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered into an army where there was a plot of land full of lentils, and the people fled from the Philistines.

12But he took his stand in the midst of the plot, defended it, and struck the Philistines; and the Lord brought about a great victory.

13Then three of the thirty chief men went down and came to David at harvest time to the cave of Adullam, while the army of the Philistines was camping in the Valley of Rephaim.

14David was then in the stronghold, while the garrison of the Philistines was then in Bethlehem.

15And David had a craving and said, “Oh that someone would give me water to drink from the well of Bethlehem which is by the gate!”

16So the three mighty men forced their way into the camp of the Philistines, and drew water from the well of Bethlehem which was by the gate, and carried it and brought it to David. Yet he would not drink it, but poured it out as an offering to the Lord;

17and he said, “Far be it from me, Lord, that I would do this! Should I drink the blood of the men who went at the risk of their lives?” So he would not drink it. These things the three mighty men did.

18Now Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief of the thirty. And he swung his spear against three hundred and killed them, and had a name as well as the three.

19He was the most honored among the thirty, so he became their commander; however, he did not attain to the reputation of the three.

20Then Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, who had done great deeds, killed the two sons of Ariel of Moab. He also went down and killed a lion in the middle of a pit on a snowy day.

21And he killed an Egyptian, an impressive man. Now the Egyptian had a spear in his hand, but he went down to him with a club and snatched the spear from the Egyptian’s hand, and killed him with his own spear.

22These things Benaiah the son of Jehoiada did, and had a name as well as the three mighty men.

23He was honored among the thirty, but he did not attain the reputation of the three. And David appointed him over his bodyguard.

24Asahel the brother of Joab was among the thirty; and there was Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem,

25Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite,

26Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,

27Abiezer the Anathothite, Mebunnai the Hushathite,

28Zalmon the Ahohite, Maharai the Netophathite,

29Heleb the son of Baanah the Netophathite, Ittai the son of Ribai of Gibeah of the sons of Benjamin,

30Benaiah a Pirathonite, Hiddai of the brooks of Gaash,

31Abi-albon the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite,

32Eliahba the Shaalbonite, the sons of Jashen, Jonathan,

33Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Ararite,

34Eliphelet the son of Ahasbai, the son of the Maacathite, Eliam the son of Ahithophel the Gilonite,

35Hezro the Carmelite, Paarai the Arbite,

36Igal the son of Nathan of Zobah, Bani the Gadite,

37Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Beerothite, armor bearers of Joab the son of Zeruiah,

38Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,

39and Uriah the Hittite; thirty-seven in all.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 23.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: David's last words. (1–7). David's mighty men. (8–39).

vv1-7

These words of David are very worthy of regard. Let those who have had long experience of God's goodness, and the pleasantness of heavenly wisdom, when they come to finish their course, bear their testimony to the truth of the promise. David avows his Divine inspiration, that the Spirit of God spake by him. He, and other holy men, spake and wrote as they were moved by the Holy Ghost. In many things he had his own neglect and wrong conduct to blame. But David comforted himself that the Lord had made with him an everlasting covenant. By this he principally intended the covenant of mercy and peace, which the Lord made with him as a sinner, who believed in the promised Saviour, who embraced the promised blessing, who yielded up himself to the Lord, to be his redeemed servant. Believers shall for ever enjoy covenant blessings; and God the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, shall be for ever glorified in their salvation. Thus pardon, righteousness, grace, and eternal life, are secured as the gift of God through Jesus Christ. There is an infinite fulness of grace and all blessings treasured up in Christ, for those who seek his salvation. This covenant was all David's salvation, he so well knew the holy law of God and the extent of his own sinfulness, that he perceived what was needful for his own case in this salvation. It was therefore all his desire. In comparison, all earthly objects lost their attractions; he was willing to give them up, or to die and leave them, that he might enjoy full happiness, Ps 73:24–28. Still the power of evil, and the weakness of his faith, hope, and love, were his grief and burden. Doubtless he would have allowed that his own slackness and want of care were the cause; but the hope that he should soon be made perfect in glory, encouraged him in his dying moments.

vv8-39

David once earnestly longed for the water at the well of Bethlehem. It seems to be an instance of weakness. He was thirsty; with the water of that well he had often refreshed himself when a youth, and it was without due thought that he desired it. Were his valiant men so forward to expose themselves, upon the least hint of their prince's mind, and so eager to please him, and shall not we long to approve ourselves to our Lord Jesus, by ready compliance with his will, as shown us by his word, Spirit, and providence? But David poured out the water as a drink-offering to the Lord. Thus he would cross his own foolish fancy, and punish himself for indulging it, and show that he had sober thoughts to correct his rash ones, and knew how to deny himself. Did David look upon that water as very precious which was got at the hazard of these men's blood, and shall not we much more value those benefits for purchasing which our blessed Saviour shed his blood? Let all beware of neglecting so great salvation.

Cross References

2 Samuel 23

Parallel account of the three mighty men bringing David water from the well of Bethlehem.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v22 Peter 1:21thematic

Verifies David's claim of divine inspiration; holy men of God spoke as moved by the Holy Ghost.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

The foundational Davidic covenant promise of an everlasting kingdom and house that is "ordered" and "sure."

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v11 Samuel 16:13thematic

Records David's initial anointing by Samuel, marking him as the "anointed of the God of Jacob."

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v4Psalms 72:6typology

Messianic portrait of a righteous ruler coming down like rain upon the mown grass.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Isaiah 55:3thematic

Refers to the "everlasting covenant" as the "sure mercies of David."

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

Parallel listing of Jashobeam/Adino, correcting "eight hundred" to "three hundred" in some texts.

Supported by JFB

v131 Samuel 22:1thematic

Establishes the historical setting of the cave of Adullam, where David fled.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v3Jeremiah 23:5fulfillment

The promised righteous Branch who will reign wisely and execute justice on the earth.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v6Micah 7:4thematic

Parallels the description of the sons of Belial as thorns that cannot be easily touched.

Supported by JFB

v201 Kings 1:38thematic

Benaiah's identity and service over David's royal guard (the Cherethites and Pelethites).

Supported by Matthew Poole

v211 Samuel 17:51thematic

Parallels Benaiah's act of slaying the Egyptian with his own spear, mirroring David slaying Goliath.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v392 Samuel 11:3contrast

Uriah the Hittite ends the list, emphasizing David's tragic betrayal of a loyal hero.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v4Proverbs 4:18thematic

The path of the just compared to the shining morning light growing brighter.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v5Psalms 73:25thematic

Echoes David's deathbed sentiment that God is his sole desire and salvation.

Supported by Matthew Henry