Judges20
New International Version
1Then all Israel from Dan to Beersheba and from the land of Gilead came together as one and assembled before the Lord in Mizpah.
2The leaders of all the people of the tribes of Israel took their places in the assembly of God’s people, four hundred thousand men armed with swords.
3(The Benjamites heard that the Israelites had gone up to Mizpah.) Then the Israelites said, “Tell us how this awful thing happened.”
4So the Levite, the husband of the murdered woman, said, “I and my concubine came to Gibeah in Benjamin to spend the night.
5During the night the men of Gibeah came after me and surrounded the house, intending to kill me. They raped my concubine, and she died.
6I took my concubine, cut her into pieces and sent one piece to each region of Israel’s inheritance, because they committed this lewd and outrageous act in Israel.
7Now, all you Israelites, speak up and tell me what you have decided to do.”
8All the men rose up together as one, saying, “None of us will go home. No, not one of us will return to his house.
9But now this is what we’ll do to Gibeah: We’ll go up against it in the order decided by casting lots.
10We’ll take ten men out of every hundred from all the tribes of Israel, and a hundred from a thousand, and a thousand from ten thousand, to get provisions for the army. Then, when the army arrives at Gibeah in Benjamin, it can give them what they deserve for this outrageous act done in Israel.”
11So all the Israelites got together and united as one against the city.
12The tribes of Israel sent messengers throughout the tribe of Benjamin, saying, “What about this awful crime that was committed among you?
13Now turn those wicked men of Gibeah over to us so that we may put them to death and purge the evil from Israel.” But the Benjamites would not listen to their fellow Israelites.
14From their towns they came together at Gibeah to fight against the Israelites.
15At once the Benjamites mobilized twenty-six thousand swordsmen from their towns, in addition to seven hundred able young men from those living in Gibeah.
16Among all these soldiers there were seven hundred select troops who were left-handed, each of whom could sling a stone at a hair and not miss.
17Israel, apart from Benjamin, mustered four hundred thousand swordsmen, all of them fit for battle.
18The Israelites went up to Bethel and inquired of God. They said, “Who of us is to go up first to fight against the Benjamites?” The Lord replied, “Judah shall go first.”
19The next morning the Israelites got up and pitched camp near Gibeah.
20The Israelites went out to fight the Benjamites and took up battle positions against them at Gibeah.
21The Benjamites came out of Gibeah and cut down twenty-two thousand Israelites on the battlefield that day.
22But the Israelites encouraged one another and again took up their positions where they had stationed themselves the first day.
23The Israelites went up and wept before the Lord until evening, and they inquired of the Lord. They said, “Shall we go up again to fight against the Benjamites, our fellow Israelites?” The Lord answered, “Go up against them.”
24Then the Israelites drew near to Benjamin the second day.
25This time, when the Benjamites came out from Gibeah to oppose them, they cut down another eighteen thousand Israelites, all of them armed with swords.
26Then all the Israelites, the whole army, went up to Bethel, and there they sat weeping before the Lord. They fasted that day until evening and presented burnt offerings and fellowship offerings to the Lord.
27And the Israelites inquired of the Lord. (In those days the ark of the covenant of God was there,
28with Phinehas son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron, ministering before it.) They asked, “Shall we go up again to fight against the Benjamites, our fellow Israelites, or not?” The Lord responded, “Go, for tomorrow I will give them into your hands.”
29Then Israel set an ambush around Gibeah.
30They went up against the Benjamites on the third day and took up positions against Gibeah as they had done before.
31The Benjamites came out to meet them and were drawn away from the city. They began to inflict casualties on the Israelites as before, so that about thirty men fell in the open field and on the roads—the one leading to Bethel and the other to Gibeah.
32While the Benjamites were saying, “We are defeating them as before,” the Israelites were saying, “Let’s retreat and draw them away from the city to the roads.”
33All the men of Israel moved from their places and took up positions at Baal Tamar, and the Israelite ambush charged out of its place on the west of Gibeah.
34Then ten thousand of Israel’s able young men made a frontal attack on Gibeah. The fighting was so heavy that the Benjamites did not realize how near disaster was.
35The Lord defeated Benjamin before Israel, and on that day the Israelites struck down 25,100 Benjamites, all armed with swords.
36Then the Benjamites saw that they were beaten. Now the men of Israel had given way before Benjamin, because they relied on the ambush they had set near Gibeah.
37Those who had been in ambush made a sudden dash into Gibeah, spread out and put the whole city to the sword.
38The Israelites had arranged with the ambush that they should send up a great cloud of smoke from the city,
39and then the Israelites would counterattack. The Benjamites had begun to inflict casualties on the Israelites (about thirty), and they said, “We are defeating them as in the first battle.”
40But when the column of smoke began to rise from the city, the Benjamites turned and saw the whole city going up in smoke.
41Then the Israelites counterattacked, and the Benjamites were terrified, because they realized that disaster had come on them.
42So they fled before the Israelites in the direction of the wilderness, but they could not escape the battle. And the Israelites who came out of the towns cut them down there.
43They surrounded the Benjamites, chased them and easily overran them in the vicinity of Gibeah on the east.
44Eighteen thousand Benjamites fell, all of them valiant fighters.
45As they turned and fled toward the wilderness to the rock of Rimmon, the Israelites cut down five thousand men along the roads. They kept pressing after the Benjamites as far as Gidom and struck down two thousand more.
46On that day twenty-five thousand Benjamite swordsmen fell, all of them valiant fighters.
47But six hundred of them turned and fled into the wilderness to the rock of Rimmon, where they stayed four months.
48The men of Israel went back to Benjamin and put all the towns to the sword, including the animals and everything else they found. All the towns they came across they set on fire.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Judges 20.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The tribe of Benjamin nearly extirpated. (1-48).
vv1-48
The Israelites' abhorrence of the crime committed at Gibeah, and their resolution to punish the criminals, were right; but they formed their resolves with too much haste and self-confidence. The eternal ruin of souls will be worse, and more fearful, than these desolations of a tribe.
Key Words
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
יָצָא: to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.
דָּן: Dan, one of the sons of Jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory; likewise a place in Palestine colonized by them
בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע: Beer-Sheba, a place in Palestine
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
גִּלְעָד: Gilad, a region East of the Jordan; also the name of three Israelites
עֵדָה: a stated assemblage (specifically, a concourse, or generally, a family or crowd)
קָהַל: to convoke
Cross References
Judges 20Direct reference back to the cutting and sending of the concubine's body parts to summon Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Mosaic law regarding the investigation and destruction of a city that turns to wickedness.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The direct sequel to the Levite's initial request for advice and consideration.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies Mizpah as a city in the territory of Benjamin, near the crime scene.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The legal requirement to inquire and make search diligently before executing corporate judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The term 'children of Belial' matches the law regarding those who draw a city away.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Ehud, like these 700 elite slingers of Benjamin, was a left-handed Benjamite warrior.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Mosaic prescription for inquiring of God before the priest using the Urim.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Jacob's prophecy of Benjamin as a ravenous wolf devouring the prey is fulfilled.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Phinehas, who previously stayed the plague in Shittim, is active here inquiring of God.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The strategy of setting liers in wait closely mirrors Joshua's ambush at Ai.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The mob besieging the house in Gibeah directly echoes the sin of Sodom.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the opening of Judges, where Judah is also designated to go up first.
Supported by JFB
The survival of the six hundred men at the rock of Rimmon is resolved.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Deuteronomy's ban on a city of Belial: killing cattle and burning the city entirely.
Supported by Matthew Poole