Zephaniah2
New International Version
1Gather together, gather yourselves together, you shameful nation,
2before the decree takes effect and that day passes like windblown chaff, before the Lord’s fierce anger comes upon you, before the day of the Lord’s wrath comes upon you.
3Seek the Lord, all you humble of the land, you who do what he commands. Seek righteousness, seek humility; perhaps you will be sheltered on the day of the Lord’s anger.
4Gaza will be abandoned and Ashkelon left in ruins. At midday Ashdod will be emptied and Ekron uprooted.
5Woe to you who live by the sea, you Kerethite people; the word of the Lord is against you, Canaan, land of the Philistines. He says, “I will destroy you, and none will be left.”
6The land by the sea will become pastures having wells for shepherds and pens for flocks.
7That land will belong to the remnant of the people of Judah; there they will find pasture. In the evening they will lie down in the houses of Ashkelon. The Lord their God will care for them; he will restore their fortunes.
8“I have heard the insults of Moab and the taunts of the Ammonites, who insulted my people and made threats against their land.
9Therefore, as surely as I live,” declares the Lord Almighty, the God of Israel, “surely Moab will become like Sodom, the Ammonites like Gomorrah— a place of weeds and salt pits, a wasteland forever. The remnant of my people will plunder them; the survivors of my nation will inherit their land.”
10This is what they will get in return for their pride, for insulting and mocking the people of the Lord Almighty.
11The Lord will be awesome to them when he destroys all the gods of the earth. Distant nations will bow down to him, all of them in their own lands.
12“You Cushites, too, will be slain by my sword.”
13He will stretch out his hand against the north and destroy Assyria, leaving Nineveh utterly desolate and dry as the desert.
14Flocks and herds will lie down there, creatures of every kind. The desert owl and the screech owl will roost on her columns. Their hooting will echo through the windows, rubble will fill the doorways, the beams of cedar will be exposed.
15This is the city of revelry that lived in safety. She said to herself, “I am the one! And there is none besides me.” What a ruin she has become, a lair for wild beasts! All who pass by her scoff and shake their fists.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Zephaniah 2.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: An exhortation to repentance. (1–3). Judgments upon other nations. (4–15).
vv1-3
The prophet calls to national repentance, as the only way to prevent national ruin. A nation not desiring, that has not desires toward God, is not desirous of his favour and grace, has no mind to repent and reform. Or, not desirable, not having any thing to recommend them to God; to whom God might justly say, Depart from me; but he says, Gather together to me that you may seek my face. We know what God's decree will bring against impenitent sinners, therefore it highly concerns all to repent in the accepted time. How careful should we all be to seek peace with God, before the Holy Spirit withdraws from us, or ceases to strive with us; before the day of grace is over, or the day of life; before our everlasting state is determined! Let the poor, despised, and afflicted, seek the Lord, and seek to understand and keep his commandments better, that they may be more humbled for their sins. The chief hope of deliverance from national judgments rests upon prayer.
vv4-15
Those are really in a woful condition who have the word of the Lord against them, for no word of his shall fall to the ground. God will restore his people to their rights, though long kept from them. It has been the common lot of God's people, in all ages, to be reproached and reviled. God shall be worshipped, not only by all Israel, and the strangers who join them, but by the heathen. Remote nations must be reckoned with for the wrongs done to God's people. The sufferings of the insolent and haughty in prosperity, are unpitied and unlamented. But all the desolations of flourishing nations will make way for the overturning Satan's kingdom. Let us improve our advantages, and expect the performance of every promise, praying that our Father's name may be hallowed every where, over all the earth.
Key Words
קָשַׁשׁ: to forage for straw, stubble or wood; figuratively, to assemble
גּוֹי: a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
טֶרֶם: properly, non-occurrence; used adverbially, not yet or before
חֹק: an enactment; hence, an appointment (of time, space, quantity, labor or usage)
יָלַד: to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage
יוֹם: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
עָבַר: to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in copulation)
מֹץ: chaff (as pressed out, i.e. winnowed or (rather) threshed loose)
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
חָרוֹן: a burning of anger
Cross References
Zephaniah 2Parallel judgment on the same four Philistine cities (Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron) omitting Gath.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Deuteronomy details the 'salt and burning' of Sodom and Gomorrah, echoed in the doom of Moab.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Nineveh's proud boast, 'I am, and there is none beside me,' matches Babylon's boast in Isaiah.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The hopeful 'it may be' of escaping God's anger matches Joel's call to repentance.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Jeremiah's doom on the Philistines, naming Gaza, Ashkelon, and the remnant of the valley.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Ezekiel explicitly targets the Cherethites and the sea coast of the Philistines with vengeance.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Detailed parallel of wild beasts, pelicans, and bitterns inhabiting ruined, desolated cities.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The call to 'gather together' in a solemn national assembly to avert impending wrath.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
God rising to judgment to save all the meek of the earth.
Supported by JFB
The sudden attack at 'noon day' matches military raids when defenders are off guard.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Zechariah's matching sequence of judgment on Ashkelon, Gaza, Ekron, and the remnant of Philistia.
Supported by JFB
Ezekiel's prophecy against Moab and Ammon for their pride and insolence against Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The historical destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, serving as the archetype for Moab's ruin.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Gentiles worshipping Yahweh, 'every one from his place,' reflecting global monotheistic worship.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Ezekiel's extensive description of Assyria's greatness falling to utter desolation.
Supported by JFB